Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author | Country | Social Status | Age/Women Percentage/Sample size (intervention/control) | Intervention | Duration(week)/ | Follow up(month) | Measurement scales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency (times per week/min) | |||||||
| Azimisefat et al. 2022 [69] | Germany | NA | 17.2;100%;15/15 | VRET | 6;2;60 | 6 | SMA |
| Gallagher et al. 2004 [70] | American | NA | 8–11;52%;12/11 | CBT | 3;1;180 | 1 | MASC |
| Gutiérrez-Maldonado et al. 2009 [40] | Barcelona | NA | 11.9;64%;18/18 | VRET | 6;1;45 | NA | SASC |
| Hancock et al. 2018 [71] | Australia | Mix | 11;58%;54/46 | ACT/CBT | 10;1;90 | 3 | FSSC-R |
| Hudson et al. 2009 [72] | Australia | NA | 10.2;43%;52/46 | CBT | 10;1; NA | 6 | SCAS |
| Infantino et al. 2016 [73] | Japan | NA | 10.9;57%;25/24 | CBT | 10;1;60–120 | 6 | SCAS |
| Ishikawa et al. 2019 [74] | Japan | NA | 10.9; 57%; 25/24 | CBT | 10; 1; 60–120 | 6 | SCAS |
| Kahlon et al. 2023 [36] | American | NA | 14.16;84%;32/17 | VRET | 3;1;30–60 | NA | PSAS |
| Kahlon et al. 2024 [37] | American | NA | 14.2;84%;16/15 | VRET | 3;3;30 | 3 | PSAS |
| Leigh and Clark 2023 [75] | England | Mix | 16.22;91%;22/21 | CBT | 14;1;20 | 6 | LSAS-CA-SR |
| Melfsen et al. 2011 [76] | Germany | NA | 10.68;47%;21/23 | CBT | 24;1;50 | NA | SPAIK |
| Nissling et al. 2023 [77] | Sweden | NA | 17.3;81%;23/19 | ACT | 10; NA; NA | NA | SCAS-S |
| Parker et al. 2016 [78] | Australia | low | 17.6;61%;88/86 | PE | 6;5;60 | NA | BAI |
| Petersen et al. 2023 [79] | American | low | 15.7;73%;12/9 | ACT | 12;1;60 | 1 | SCARED |
| Philippot et al. 2022 | Belgium | NA | 15.35;63%;20/20 | PE | 5;4;60 | NA | HADS |
| [49] | |||||||
| Pincus et al. 2010 [80] | American | Mix | 15.75;73%;13/12 | CBT | 12;1;50 | 6 | MASC |
| Rostami et al. 2014 [81] | Iran | NA | 12–16;0%;20/20 | ACT | 10;1;60 | 3 | SAD |
| Schneider et al. 2011 [82] | Germany | NA | 6.24; NA;14/17 | CBT | 12;2;50 | 1 | SAI |
| Smith et al. 2014 [83] | American | Mix | 9.8;39%;14/12 | CBT | 10;1;60 | 3 | MASC |
| Southam-Gerow et al. 2010 [84] | American | Mix | 10.9;56%;17/19 | CBT | 16;1; NA | NA | STAIC-T |
| St-Jacques et al. 2010 [85] | Canada | NA | 10.16;84%;17/14 | VRET | 6;4;60 | 6 | SPQC |
| Stjerneklar et al. 2019 [86] | Denmark | NA | 15.03;70%;32/31 | CBT | 14;1;30 | 12 | SCAS |
| Sülter et al. 2022 [87] | Netherlands | NA | 10.46;49%;36/29 | VRET | 3;1;30 | NA | VAS |
| Swain et al. 2015 [88] | Australia | NA | 13.8;63%;16/23 | ACT/CBT | 10;1;90 | 3 | ADIS |
| Thirlwall et al. 2013 [89] | England | NA | 7–12;48%;87/57 | CBT | 8;1;40 | 6 | SCAS |
| Vigerland et al. 2016 [90] | Sweden | NA | 10.1;55%;45/45 | CBT | 10;1; NA | 3 | SCAS |
| Waters et al. 2009 [91] | Australia | NA | 6.76;53%;11/11 | CBT | 10;1;60 | 12 | ADIS |
| Wergeland et al. 2014 [92] | Norway | Mix | 11.5;53%;144/38 | CBT | 10; NA; NA | 12 | SCAS |
| Yen et al. 2014 [93] | China | NA | 9.1;50%;18/26 | CBT | 17;1; NA | NA | MASC |
| Zemestani et al. 2022 [94] | Iran | low | 15.2;100%;24/45 | ACT | 8;1;45–60 | 1 | RCADS |