Table 2.

Pairwise spearman correlations between hearing status, social and intellectual activities, and cognitive function

Comparison	Spearman’s ρ	P–value	FDR–adjusted p–value
Hearing status ~ Cognitive function	–0.150	< 0.001	< 0.001
Hearing status ~ Social and intellectual activities	–0.117	< 0.001	< 0.001
Social and intellectual activities ~ Cognitive function	0.188	< 0.001	< 0.001

Note: Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) are reported for pairwise associations among hearing status, social and intellectual activities, and cognitive function. P-values were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method to control the false discovery rate (FDR). All correlations were statistically significant at P < 0.001 (two-tailed)