. 2023 Dec 26;67(1):296–345. doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00716
This work is licensed under a Table A1.
Correlations between behavioral auditory measures and cognitive constructs.
| Behavioral auditory construct | Study | N | Auditory measure | Cognitive construct | Correlation | p value | Effect size (r unless specified) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speech in noise | Anderson et al., 2013 | 120 | QSIN | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.42 |
| WIN | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.16 | |||
| Anderson et al., 2013 | 120 | HINT | WM | + | < .01 | .27 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.22 | |||
| QSIN | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.29 | |||
| WIN | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.27 | |||
| Anzivino et al., 2019 | 44 | SentBab | Multi | + | .04 | NR | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | .02 | NR | |||
| Arehart et al., 2015 | 31 | Sent4 | WM | + | .04 | t = 2.15 | |
| Cahana-Amitay et al., 2016 | 173 | SPIN | ExP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Cahana-Amitay et al., 2016 | 173 | SPIN | ExP | + | .002 | t = −3.1 | |
| Carvalho et al., 2017 | 25 | SentSS | Multi | + | .003 | −.57 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | .002 | .58 | |||
| Castiglione et al., 2019 | 166 | SentSS | Multi | + | < .001 | −.54 | |
| Cox et al., 2008 | 45 | QSIN | WM | ~ | > .05 | .39 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .44 | |||
| Ellis et al., 2016 | 1,509 | SentSS | ProcS | + | < .001 | .37 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .001 | .33 | |||
| Foo et al., 2007 | 32 | SentUnMod | WM | + | < .01 | −.67 | |
| SentMod | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.65 | |||
| HINT | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.53 | |||
| Fostick et al., 2013 | 89 | WordsSS | WM | ~ | > .05 | .1 | |
| WordsW | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .16 | |||
| Füllgrabe et al., 2015 | 30 | VCV | WM | ~ | > .05 | .28 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .13 | |||
| Sent2 | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .45 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .27 | |||
| Füllgrabeet al., 2015 | 30 | VCV | WM | + | ≤ .05 | .52 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | ≤ .05 | .40 | |||
| Sent2 | ^^ | + | ≤ .05 | .61 | |||
| ^^ | WM | + | ≤ .05 | .65 | |||
| Ghannoum et al., 2018 | 71 | SPIN | ExP | ~ | .07 | .15 | |
| SSI-ICM | ^^ | ~ | .09 | .15 | |||
| SSI-CCM | ^^ | ~ | .48 | .17 | |||
| SPIN | ^^ | ~ | .34 | .08 | |||
| SSI-ICM | ^^ | ~ | 2.49 | .03 | |||
| SSI-CCM | ^^ | ~ | 2.65 | .17 | |||
| SPIN | WM | ~ | .69 | .11 | |||
| SSI-ICM | ^^ | ~ | 1.3 | .07 | |||
| SSI-CCM | ^^ | ~ | 1.69 | .02 | |||
| SPIN | VisP | ~ | 1.84 | .04 | |||
| SSI-ICM | ^^ | ~ | 1.0 | .09 | |||
| SSI-CCM | ^^ | ~ | .88 | .04 | |||
| Giroud et al., 2021 | 38 | SentSS | WM | ~ | .65 | .32 | |
| Gordon-Salant & Cole, 2016 | 28 | WordsBab | WM | + | < .01 | −.63 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.48 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .01 | −.59 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.52 | |||
| SentBab | WM | + | < .01 | −.63 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.55 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .05 | −.36 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.33 | |||
| Helfer & Freyman, 2014 | 45 | Sent2 | ExP | ~ | > .05 | −.17 | |
| Sent1 | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.25 | |||
| Helfer & Freyman, 2014 | 45 | Sent2 | WM | + | ≤ .05 | .42 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | ≤ .05 | .42 | |||
| Sent1 | ^^ | + | ≤ .05 | .45 | |||
| Humes, 2021 | 137 | QSIN | WM | + | < .01 | −.16 | |
| WIN | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.27 | |||
| Humes et al., 2013 | 125 | CompSIN | WM | + | < .01 | .54 | |
| Jain & Dwarakanath, 2019 | 92 | QSIN | WM | ~ | .75 | .04 | |
| Jain & Dwarakanath, 2019 | 92 | QSIN | WM | + | .01 | .48 | |
| Kamerer et al., 2019 | 32 | WordsSS | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| Kim et al., 2020 | 96 | SentBab | WM | + | .001 | .38 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | .001 | .38 | |||
| Koelewijn et al., 2014 | 32 | SentFluc | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.13 | |
| Sent1 | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.19 | |||
| Krause et al., 2014 | 15 | Sent16Hz | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | −.02 | |
| Sent4kHz | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .24 | |||
| Krause et al., 2014 | 15 | Sent2 | ProcS | + | < .05 | .60 | |
| Lee et al., 2018 | 46 | Sent3 | WM | + | < .05 | .35 | |
| Lunner, 2003 | 72 | SentSS | WM | + | < .05 | −.53 | |
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .05 | .39 | |||
| Lunner & Sundewall-Thoren, 2007 | 23 | SentUnMod | WM | + | < .05 | −.44 | |
| Mamo & Helfer, 2021 | 39 | SentMod | WM | ~ | .46 | .10 | |
| Mamo & Helfer, 2021 | 39 | Sent2 | WM | + | .05 | .30 | |
| Mamo et al., 2019 | 250 | QSIN | WM | + | .01 | .82 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | .02 | .81 | |||
| Merten et al., 2020 | 1,274 | Words1 | ExP | + | < .05 | .14 | |
| Miller et al., 2017 | 76 | SentSS | WM | ~ | .15 | F = 2.2 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | .15 | F = 2.1 | |||
| Millman & Mattys, 2017 | 30 | SentMod | WM | ~ | .40 | .16 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | .82 | .05 | |||
| Millman & Mattys, 2017 | 30 | SentSS | WM | + | .05 | .40 | |
| Moberly et al., 2017 | 60 | SentSS | VisP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| Moberly et al., 2017 | 60 | SentSS | WM | + | .007 | .50 | |
| Moore et al., 2014 | 502,642 | DigitStat | Multi | + | < .001 | NR | |
| Mosnier et al., 2015 | 94 | WordsW | Multi | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | VisP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Mosnier et al., 2015 | 94 | WordsW | ExP | + | < .05 | NR | |
| Mukari et al., 2020 | 72 | HINT | Multi | + | < .001 | −.44 | |
| Murphy et al., 2016 | 177 | SentW | WM | ~ | .70 | −.03 | |
| Murphy et al., 2018 | 77 | SentW | WM | ~ | > .05 | .03 | |
| Mussoi, 2021 | 31 | QSIN | WM | ~ | .04 | .38 | |
| HINT | ^^ | ~ | .86 | .03 | |||
| SPIN | ^^ | ~ | .16 | .27 | |||
| Neher, 2014 | 60 | SentCafe | WM | + | < .01 | .35 | |
| Neher et al., 2009 | 20 | Sent3 | WM | + | < .01 | −.58 | |
| Neher et al., 2012 | 17 | Sent2 | WM | + | < .05 | −.48 | |
| Neher et al., 2013 | 40 | SentCafe | WM | + | < .05 | NR | |
| Neher et al., 2014 | 40 | SentCafe | ProcS | + | < .001 | −.28 | |
| Ng et al., 2014 | 27 | SentSS | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.31 | |
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | .26 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .32 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.23 | |||
| A-SentSS | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.42 | |||
| Ng et al., 2014 | 27 | A-SentSS | WM | + | < .01 | −.53 | |
| ^^ | ProcS | + | .47 | ≤ .05 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | ≤ .05 | .39 | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | WIN | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | .05 | |
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | .11 | |||
| ^^ | WM | ~ | > .05 | .12 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .13 | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | WIN | Multi | + | < .01 | −.31 | |
| Parbery-Clark et al., 2011 | 37 | WIN | WM | ~ | .32 | −.17 | |
| Parbery-Clark et al., 2011 | 37 | QSIN | WM | + | .01 | −.40 | |
| HINT | ^^ | + | .03 | −.35 | |||
| Patro et al., 2021 | 61 | SentBab | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Pronk et al., 2013 | 1,298 | DigitStat | Multi | + | < .001 | −.10 | |
| Pronk et al., 2019 | 1,029 | DigitStat | Multi | + | NR | NR | |
| Quaranta et al., 2014 | 488 | SSI-ICM | Multi | + | .03 | OR = 2.4 | |
| Rönnberg et al., 2016 | 200 | Sent4 | Multi | + | < .001 | .20 | |
| Rosemann & Thiel, 2020 | 38 | SentSS | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Rosemann & Thiel, 2020 | 38 | SentSS | ExP | + | .02 | .58 | |
| Rudner et al., 2007 | 32 | A-SentMod | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| HINT | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Rudner et al., 2007 | 32 | SentMod | WM | + | < .05 | −.65 | |
| HINT | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.53 | |||
| Rudner et al., 2009 | 31 | A-SentSteady | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.01 | |
| A-SentMod | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.43 | |||
| Rudner et al., 2009 | 31 | A-SentSteady | WM | + | < .05 | −.58 | |
| A-SentMod | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.64 | |||
| HINT | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.58 | |||
| Rudner et al., 2011 | 30 | SentSteady | WM | + | .01 | −.46 | |
| SentMod | ^^ | + | .01 | −.48 | |||
| A-SentSteady | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.37 | |||
| A-SentMod | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.53 | |||
| HINT | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.60 | |||
| Sardone et al., 2020 | 1,647 | SSI-ICM | Multi | + | < .01 | .04 | |
| Sardone et al., 2021 | 1,929 | SSI-ICM | Multi | + | NR | OR = 1.9 | |
| Saunders et al., 2018 | 61 | QSIN | Multi | + | < .001 | −.55 | |
| Schoof & Rosen, 2014 | 38 | SentBab | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Schoof & Rosen, 2014 | 38 | SentSS | ProcS | + | .01 | .44 | |
| Sheft et al., 2015 | 124 | QSIN | Multi | ~ | .70 | −.04 | |
| Slater & Kraus, 2016 | 54 | QSIN | WM | ~ | .15 | −.21 | |
| Smith & Pichora-Fuller, 2015 | 72 | SPIN | VisP | ~ | > .003 | NR | |
| Smith & Pichora-Fuller, 2015 | 72 | WIN | VisP | + | < .003 | −.77 | |
| QSIN | ^^ | + | < .003 | −.71 | |||
| Souza & Arehart, 2015 | 124 | QSIN | WM | + | .02 | −.18 | |
| Stroi & Souza, 2022 | 19 | QSIN | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| Strori & Souza, 2022 | 19 | QSIN | WM | + | .02 | .54 | |
| Van Rooij & Plomp, 1992 | 80 | SentSS | WM | ~ | .33 | .31 | |
| Wayne et al., 2016 | 26 | Sent2 | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.34 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.23 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .26 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .31 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.17 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | −.06 | |||
| Wayne et al., 2016 | 26 | Sent2 | WM | + | < .05 | .45 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.42 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | .58 | |||
| Wong et al., 2014 | 34 | HINT | Multi | + | < .005 | .33 | |
| Yeend et al., 2019 | 122 | CompSIN | WM | + | < .001 | .02 | |
| Yumba, 2019 | 195 | CompSIN | ExP | ~ | .33 | t = −0.97 | |
| ^^ | Fluid | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Yumba, 2019 | 195 | CompSIN | WM | + | .02 | t = −2.4 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | .03 | t = −2.2 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | .05 | t = −2.5 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | .02 | t = −2.5 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | + | .05 | t = −2.0 | |||
| Zhan et al., 2018 | 166 | HINT | Multi | + | .02 | .17 | |
| Altered speech | Bergemalm & Lyxell, 2005 | 22 | TCSpch | WM | + | NR | NR |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | Fluid | + | NR | NR | |||
| Cervera et al., 2009 | 55 | TCSpch | WM | + | < .05 | .37 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | .36 | |||
| Cox, 2008 | 45 | LPFS | WM | ~ | > .05 | .46 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .55 | |||
| Fostick et al., 2013 | 89 | TCSpch | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.02 | |
| Kamerer et al., 2019 | 32 | TCSpch | WM | + | < .01 | .40 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .01 | .63 | |||
| Kim et al., 2020 | 96 | TCSpch | WM | + | .002 | .36 | |
| Moberly et al., 2019 | 83 | VocodSpch | ExP | + | .02 | −.35 | |
| ^^ | Fluid | + | .03 | .34 | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | TCSpch | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | −.03 | |
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | −.12 | |||
| ^^ | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.08 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .13 | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | TCSpch | Multi | + | < .01 | .36 | |
| Shader et al., 2020 | 30 | VocodSpch | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| Vaughan et al., 2008 | 225 | TCSpch | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .14 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Vaughan et al., 2008 | 225 | TCSpch | WM | + | < .05 | .28 | |
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .05 | .12 | |||
| Temporal processing | Cox, 2008 | 45 | PPS | WM | ~ | > .05 | .25 |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .36 | |||
| Danielsson et al., 2019 | 245 | TempOr | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.10 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.13 | |||
| Danielsson et al., 2019 | 245 | Gap | ProcS | + | < .05 | −.16 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.23 | |||
| ^^ | Fluid | + | < .01 | −.19 | |||
| ^^ | WM | + | < .01 | −.29 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.24 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.19 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.16 | |||
| TempOr | ProcS | + | < .01 | −.44 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.42 | |||
| ^^ | Fluid | + | < .01 | −.27 | |||
| ^^ | WM | + | < .01 | −.4 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.49 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.31 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.18 | |||
| Füllgrabe et al., 2015 | 30 | Envelope | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.15 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.15 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .09 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | −.26 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.11 | |||
| Füllgrabe et al., 2015 | 30 | TempFS | WM | + | ≤ .05 | .49 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | ≤ .05 | .54 | |||
| Humes, 2005 | 213 | Duration | Multi | + | < .01 | .32 | |
| TempOr | ^^ | + | < .01 | .26 | |||
| Humes, 2021b | 98 | Gap | VisP | + | < .05 | .22 | |
| TempOr | Fluid | + | < .01 | −.32 | |||
| Humes et al., 2010 | 339 | TempMas | Multi | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| Humes et al., 2010 | 339 | Gap | Multi | + | < .01 | .87 | |
| TempOr | ^^ | + | < .01 | .54 | |||
| Humes et al., 2013 | 125 | ModD | Multi | ~ | > .01 | −.25 | |
| CompTP | ^^ | ~ | > .01 | −.25 | |||
| Kamerer et al., 2019 | 32 | ModD | WM | + | < .01 | .17 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | .24 | |||
| Lentz et al., 2022 | 155 | StrSeg | WM | ~ | .35 | −.08 | |
| Lentz et al., 2022 | 155 | ModD | WM | + | < .001 | .09 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .001 | −.34 | |||
| TempMas | ^^ | + | .002 | −.25 | |||
| Mioni et al., 2021 | 247 | TimeDis | WM | + | < .01 | .009 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .05 | .01 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .05 | .02 | |||
| Mukari et al., 2020 | 72 | GIN | Multi | ~ | > .05 | −.21 | |
| Murphy et al., 2016 | 177 | FPT | WM | + | .004 | .21 | |
| Murphy et al., 2018 | 77 | FPT | WM | + | < .001 | .43 | |
| Neher et al., 2012 | 17 | TempFS | WM | + | .06 | .48 | |
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | ATTR | WM | ~ | > .05 | −.06 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.17 | |||
| ^^ | Multi | ~ | > .05 | −.07 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | .12 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | .009 | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | ATTR | ExP | + | < .01 | .40 | |
| ^^ | Multi | + | < .05 | −.21 | |||
| ^^ | WM | + | < .05 | −.22 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.27 | |||
| Patro et al., 2021 | 61 | Envelope | ProcS | + | < .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .05 | NR | |||
| Rönnberg et al., 2016 | 200 | TempFS | Multi | + | < .001 | .30 | |
| Strelcyk et al., 2019 | 20 | ILD JND | ExP | ~ | > .05 | .60 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .34 | |||
| ^^ | Multi | ~ | > .05 | −.48 | |||
| IPD JND | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.38 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | .61 | |||
| IPD Freq | Multi | ~ | > .05 | .42 | |||
| Strelcyk et al., 2019 | 20 | IPD Freq | ProcS | + | < .05 | −.69 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .001 | −.83 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .05 | −.68 | |||
| IPD JND | ^^ | + | < .05 | .67 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .01 | .79 | |||
| ILD JND | ProcS | + | < .05 | .72 | |||
| Szymaszek et al., 2009 | 86 | TempOr | Fluid | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| Szymaszek et al., 2009 | 86 | TempOr | Fluid | + | < .07 | .20 | |
| Ulbrich et al., 2009 | 100 | TempOr | WM | + | ≤ .001 | −.33 | |
| Binaural processing | Ghannoum et al., 2018 | 71 | DDT | ExP | ~ | 1.29 | .02 |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | 1.23 | .02 | |||
| ^^ | WM | ~ | .11 | .07 | |||
| ^^ | VisP | ~ | 1.21 | .05 | |||
| Hällgren et al., 2001 | 30 | DDT-LF | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| Hällgren et al., 2001 | 30 | DiSpch-FR | WM | + | < .05 | .57 | |
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .05 | −.38 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.46 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | .46 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.44 | |||
| Hommet et al., 2010 | 53 | DiSpch-FR | ProcS | + | < .05 | −.52 | |
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .05 | −.54 | |||
| ^^ | WM | + | < .05 | .48 | |||
| DiSpch-RF | ExP | + | < .05 | .66 | |||
| Humes, 2005 | 213 | DiCV | Multi | + | < .05 | .48 | |
| Humes et al., 2013 | 125 | MLD | WM | ~ | > .01 | NR | |
| Lentz et al., 2022 | 155 | MLD | WM | + | .005 | −.37 | |
| Mukari et al., 2020 | 72 | DDT | Multi | ~ | > .05 | .07 | |
| Murphy et al., 2016 | 177 | DDT-RF | WM | ~ | .07 | .15 | |
| Murphy et al., 2016 | 177 | DDT-LF | WM | + | .04 | .14 | |
| Murphy et al., 2018 | 77 | DDT-LF | WM | ~ | .09 | .20 | |
| Murphy et al., 2018 | 77 | DDT-RF | WM | + | < .01 | .30 | |
| Nixon et al., 2019 | 85 | DDT | ExP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |
| ^^ | Fluid | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | VisP | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| ^^ | WM | ~ | > .05 | NR | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | DSI-RF | ProcS | ~ | > .05 | −.19 | |
| DDT-RF | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | −.15 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | ~ | > .05 | −.19 | |||
| DSI-LF | WM | ~ | > .05 | .06 | |||
| DDT-LF | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .14 | |||
| O'Brien et al., 2021 | 213 | DSI-LF | ProcS | + | < .01 | −.34 | |
| DDT-LF | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.25 | |||
| ^^ | ExP | + | < .01 | −.31 | |||
| DSI-RF | ^^ | + | < .05 | .20 | |||
| DDT-RF | ^^ | + | < .05 | .27 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | .31 | |||
| Pinheiro et al., 2012 | 60 | DDT | Multi | + | .01 | NR | |
| Spatial processing | Bergemalm & Lyxell, 2005 | 22 | PhasAud | WM | + | NR | NR |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | NR | NR | |||
| ^^ | Fluid | + | NR | NR | |||
| Glyde et al., 2013 | 80 | LISN | Multi | ~ | |||
| Humes et al., 2013 | 125 | CRM | WM | ~ | > .01 | NR | |
| Nixon et al., 2019 | 85 | LISN-LC | ExP | + | .01 | .28 | |
| LISN-SA | ^^ | + | .03 | −.22 | |||
| ^^ | VisP | + | .03 | −.16 | |||
| Other | Biagianti et al., 2016 | 131 | APS | VisP | + | < .05 | −.25 |
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .01 | −.29 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .001 | −.36 | |||
| ^^ | ProcS | + | < .001 | −.34 | |||
| ^^ | Fluid | + | < .05 | −.34 | |||
| Biswas et al., 2016 | 21 | SRhT | WM | ~ | > .05 | .25 | |
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .4 | |||
| MBEA | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .22 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .24 | |||
| BAT | ^^ | ~ | > .05 | .37 | |||
| Biswas et al., 2016 | 21 | SRhT | WM | + | < .01 | .55 | |
| MBEA | ^^ | + | < .05 | .44 | |||
| BAT | ^^ | + | < .05 | −.48 | |||
| ^^ | ^^ | + | < .05 | .47 | |||
| Jain et al., 2022 | 60 | CompAP | WM | + | < .001 | .58 | |
| Lentz et al., 2022 | 155 | HarMis | WM | + | < .001 | −.35 |
Note. Correlations indicated using “positive” (+), “negative” (−), or “null” (~) symbols. ^^ signifies “same as above.” A- = Aided; APS = Auditory Processing Speech; Bab = Babble; BAT = Beat Alignment Test; CafÕ = Cafeteria Noise; Comp = Composite; Digit = Digits; Dis = Discrimination; DiSpch = Dichotic Speech; DSI = Dichotic Sentence Identification; ExP = Executive Processes; Fluc = Fluctuating Noise; Fluid = fluid intelligence; FS = FineStructure; Gap = Gap Detection; HarMis = Harmonic Mistuning; LC = Low Cue; Mas = Masking; Mod = Modulated Noise; ModD = Modulation Detection; Multi = multiple-domains; Sent = Sentences; Or = Order; PhasAud = Phase Audiometry; ProcS = processing speed; SA = Spatial Advantage; Sent# = Sentences in #-talker masker; SIN = Speech in Noise; Spch = Speech; Stat = Stationary Noise; SRhT= Seashore Rhythm Test; Steady = Steady State Noise; StrSeg = Stream Segregation; Temp = Temporal; UnMod = Unmodulated Noise; VisP = visual perception; Vocod = Vocoded; WM = working memory.