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. 2025 Aug 26;25:1203. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07737-z

Table 2.

Knowledge test score analysis

Group N Min-max Mean SD
Total Pre-test 17 65.0-95.0 79.1% 10.3
Direct post-test 18 65.0-100 86.5% 11.6
1-year post-test 18 70.0-100 89.2% 7.91
Paired t-test (2-tailed) Mean difference T-statistic 95% CI interval P-value
Pre-test – direct post-test −0.0735 −3.92 −0.113 to −0.034 0.0012
Pre-test – 1-year post-test −0.097 −4.17 −0.146 to −0.048 0.0007
N Min-max Mean SD
FHWs Pre-test 15 65.0-95.0 81.0% 9.49
Direct post-test 15 65.0-100 88.7% 10.3
1-year post-test 15 75.0-100 89.7% 6.67
Paired t-test (2-tailed) Mean difference T-statistic 95% CI interval P-value
Pre-test – direct post-test −0.0767 −3.72 −0.121 to −0.032 0.0023
Pre-test – 1-year post-test −0.0733 −3.21 −0.122 to −0.024 0.0015
N Min-max Mean SD
TBSs Pre-test 2 65.0-65.0 65.0% 0.00
Direct post-test 3 65.0-75.0 71.7% 5.77
1-year post-test 3 70.0–95.0 86.7% 14.4