Table 1.

Definition and examples of four types of invalid responses.

Type	Components	Typical example	Behavioral characteristics
Content omission	Omission	My mood is often (blank)	Information completeness deficiency
Avoidance interference	Denial + Test Comments	When I make decisions, I do not make decisions	Cognitive avoidance tendency
Meaningless	Redundant Response	Looking back, I feel funny	Content validity deficiency
Off-topic	Flippant Response + Simple Association	Facing the future, lying flat	Lack of task compliance