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. 2025 Aug 26;25:2922. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24230-w

Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of participants

Variables n %
Child’s gender
Male 313 49.4
Female 320 50.6
Parents participating in this study
Mother 472 74.5
Father 161 25.5
Place of residence
City centre 321 50.7
District 249 39.3
Village 63 10.0
Mother’s education level
Primary school 178 28.1
Secondary school 172 27.2
High school 125 19.7
Bachelor’s degree and higher 158 25.0
Father’s education level
Primary school 87 13.7
Secondary school 163 25.8
High school 179 28.3
Bachelor’s degree and higher 204 32.2
Employment status of mother
Employed 178 28.1
Not employed 455 71.9
Employment status of father
Employed 587 92.7
Not employed 46 7.3
Income
Income is lower than expenditure 81 12.8
Income equal to expenditure 403 63.7
Income is higher than expenditure 149 23.5
BMI
Underweight 342 54.0
Healthy weight 252 39.8
Overweight 39 6.2
Mean SD
Age of the child 9.81 1.87
Height 130.06 12.19
Weight 32.79 10.88
BMI 19.51 6.65
Age of the mother 38.19 7.41
Age of the father 41.79 8.17
Number of children in the family 3.19 1.60