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. 2025 Aug 26;25:2922. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24230-w

Table 5.

Differentiation of scale scores according to demographic characteristics

Demographic characteristics n Physical activity positive attitude Physical activity negative attitude Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Scale
Child’s gender Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Male 313 3.71 ± 0.86 2.51 ± 0.90 51.89 ± 7.78
 Female 320 3.79 ± 0.91 2.42 ± 0.95 52.99 ± 7.50
 t= −1.101 1.171 −1.799
 p= 0.272 0.242 0.072
Place of residence Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 City centre 321 4.07 ± 0.88 2.18 ± 0.91 54.64 ± 8.43
 District 249 3.37 ± 0.68 2.83 ± 0.76 50.05 ± 6.21
 Village 63 3.64 ± 1.03 2.47 ± 1.09 50.76 ± 5.07
 F= 51.751 38.988 29.228
 p= 0.000 0.000 0.000
 PostHoc= 1 > 2, 3 > 2, 1 > 3 (p < 0.05) 2 > 1, 3 > 1, 2 > 3 (p < 0.05) 1 > 2, 1 > 3 (p < 0.05)
Mother’s education level Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Primary school 178 3.84 ± 0.92 2.32 ± 1.03 52.23 ± 8.00
 Secondary school 172 3.56 ± 0.75 2.66 ± 0.74 50.41 ± 6.74
 High school 125 3.48 ± 0.80 2.77 ± 0.87 51.63 ± 6.92
 Bachelor’s degree and higher 158 4.06 ± 0.93 2.18 ± 0.91 55.55 ± 7.85
 F= 14.627 14.411 14.046
 p= 0.000 0.000 0.000
 PostHoc= 4 > 1, 1 > 2, 4 > 2, 1 > 3, 4 > 3 (p < 0.05) 2 > 1, 3 > 1, 2 > 4, 3 > 4 (p < 0.05) 4 > 1, 1 > 2, 4 > 2, 4 > 3 (p < 0.05)
Father’s education level Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Primary school 87 4.02 ± 1.04 2.28 ± 1.15 55.13 ± 8.28
 Secondary school 163 3.64 ± 0.76 2.45 ± 0.85 49.85 ± 6.87
 High school 179 3.52 ± 0.77 2.79 ± 0.76 51.15 ± 6.65
 Bachelor’s degree and higher 204 3.92 ± 0.93 2.28 ± 0.94 54.51 ± 7.91
 F= 10.596 11.838 17.777
 p= 0.000 0.000 0.000
 PostHoc= 1 > 2, 4 > 2, 1 > 3, 4 > 3 (p < 0.05) 3 > 1, 3 > 2, 3 > 4 (p < 0.05) 1 > 2, 4 > 2, 1 > 3, 4 > 3 (p < 0.05)
Employment status of mother Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Employed 178 4.03 ± 0.99 2.15 ± 0.92 55.92 ± 8.49
 Not employed 455 3.64 ± 0.82 2.59 ± 0.90 51.09 ± 6.85
 t= 5.083 −5.552 7.430
 p= 0.000 0.000 0.000
Employment status of father Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Employed 587 3.77 ± 0.90 2.44 ± 0.92 52.78 ± 7.68
 Not employed 46 3.41 ± 0.65 2.80 ± 0.88 48.22 ± 5.85
 t= 2.680 −2.594 3.936
 p= 0.001 0.009 0.000
Income Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Income is lower than expense 81 3.55 ± 0.99 2.61 ± 1.05 49.77 ± 7.50
 Income equal to expenditure 403 3.58 ± 0.80 2.63 ± 0.84 50.80 ± 6.58
 Income is higher than expense 149 4.31 ± 0.82 1.92 ± 0.87 58.36 ± 7.46
 F= 44.653 37.022 72.013
 p= 0.000 0.000 0.000
 PostHoc= 3 > 1, 3 > 2 (p < 0.05) 1 > 3, 2 > 3 (p < 0.05) 3 > 1, 3 > 2 (p < 0.05)
BMI Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
 Underweight 342 3.94 ± 0.87 2.24 ± 0.91 53.65 ± 7.99
 Healthy weight 252 3.56 ± 0.85 2.73 ± 0.92 51.25 ± 7.07
 Overweight 39 3.23 ± 0.84 2.73 ± 0.57 49.62 ± 6.41
 F= 21.957 23.638 10.280
 p= 0.000 0.000 0.000
 PostHoc= 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 > 3 (p < 0.05) 2 > 1, 3 > 1 (p < 0.05) 1 > 2, 1 > 3 (p < 0.05)
r/p r/p r/p
Age of the child −0.097/0.014 0.034/0.397 −0.120/0.003
Height −0.014/0.718 −0.033/0.404 −0.173/0.000
Weight −0.119/0.003 0.084/0.034 −0.222/0.000
BMI −0.113/0.004 0.106/0.008 −0.109/0.006
Age of the mother 0.054/0.178 −0.075/0.060 −0.079/0.046
Age of the father 0.020/0.695 −0.001/0.987 −0.084/0.049

F Anova test, T Independent groups T-Test, PostHoc Tukey, LSD Pearson correlation analysis