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. 2025 Aug 25;21:58. doi: 10.1186/s13002-025-00805-0

Table 1.

WFPs information, part used, recipes, source of knowledge, and availability in market

Species Name Family Ethnic Groups Using the Plant Voucher Number Frequency of Collection Part Used Mode of Use Recipe Use Type Source of Knowledge Plants availability in Market
Agaricus campestris L Agaricaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3503 2 Fruiting body Fresh The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use Parents, Education N
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Brassicaceae G, M MMSWG-3509 8 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts with spices are cooked in ghee Food use Parents N
Allium carolinianum Redouté Amaryllidaceae B, G MMSWG-3464 5 Leaves, Bulb Fresh/Dry Fresh leaves are fried in ghee and used as a source of flavour in various dishes Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Allium humile Kunth Amaryllidaceae B, G MMSWG-3499 7 Leaves, Bulb Fresh/Dry Fresh leaves are fried in ghee and used as a source of flavour in various dishes Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Amaranthus caudatus L Amaranthaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3510 14 Leaves Fresh/Dry Fresh leaves are boiled, fried in ghee, seasoned with spices, and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Amaranthus retroflexus L Amaranthaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3481 14 Leaves Fresh/Dry Fresh leaves are boiled, fried in ghee, seasoned with spices, and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Amaranthus viridis L Amaranthaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3496 17 Leaves Fresh/Dry Fresh leaves are boiled, fried in ghee, seasoned with spices, and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents Y
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm Armillariaceae G MMSWG-3500 1 Fruiting body Fresh The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use Parents N
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik Brassicaceae G, L, S MMSWG-3511 23 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts are boiled, fried with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch Amaranthaceae G, S MMSWG-3466 4 Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves fried in ghee, seasoned with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Chenopodium album L Amaranthaceae G, L, S MMSWG-3489 8 Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves fried in ghee, seasoned with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Cichorium intybus L Asteraceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3487 9 Leaves, Flowers Fresh Flowers and young leaves are fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Convolvulus arvensis L Convolvulaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3506 8 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use Parents N
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw Aspleniaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3465 14 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents Y
Diplazium maximum (D.Don) C.Chr Aspleniaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3472 10 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents Y
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Polypodiaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3494 10 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents Y
Dryopteris ramosa (C.Hope) C.Chr Polypodiaceae B, G, L, S MMSWG-3463 14 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents Y
Dryopteris stewartii Fraser-Jenk Polypodiaceae B, G, M MMSWG-3460 19 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents Y
Fagopyrum cymosum (Trevir.) Meisn Fabaceae B MMSWG-3517 27 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Polygonaceae G, L MMSWG-3493 21 Aerial parts Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Geopora arenicola (Lév.) Kers Geoporaceae B, G MMSWG-3469 1 Fruiting body Fresh The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use Parents N
Gyromitra esculenta Pers. ex Fr Discinaceae L, M MMSWG-3457 2 Fruiting body Fresh The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use Parents N
Helvella crispa Bull Helvellaceae B, G, L, M MMSWG-3456 1 Fruiting body Fresh The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use Parents N
Koenigia alpina (All.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal Polygonaceae B, G MMSWG-3497 12 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use Parents N
Lactuca dissecta D.Don Asteraceae B, G MMSWG-3461 4 Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves with spices are cooked in ghee Food use Parents N
Lagotis cashmeriana (Royle ex Benth.) Rupr Plantaginaceae B MMSWG-3470 7 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried with spices, and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Lathyrus aphaca L Fabaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3468 5 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts with spices are cooked in ghee Food use Parents N
Malva parviflora L Malvaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3512 16 Aerial parts Fresh The aerial parts are fried with spices and added to a traditional dish called Kalari for flavour Food use Parents N
Malva sylvestris L Malvaceae B, G, L, M MMSWG-3476 12 Aerial parts Fresh The aerial parts are fried with spices and added to a traditional dish called Kalari for flavour Food use Parents N
Medicago polymorpha L Fabaceae B, G, M MMSWG-3508 8 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Morchella costata Pers Morchellaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3513 10 Fruiting body Fresh/Dry The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents, Education y
Morchella deliciosa Fr Morchellaceae G, M MMSWG-3484 13 Fruiting body Fresh/Dry The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents, Education y
Morchella elata Fr Morchellaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3498 18 Fruiting body Fresh/Dry The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents, Education y
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers Morchellaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3467 30 Fruiting body Fresh/Dry The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents, Education y
Morchella tridentina Bres Morchellaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3458 14 Fruiting body Fresh/Dry The fruiting body is fried in ghee with spices and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents, Education y
Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton Brassicaceae G, M, S MMSWG-3477 14 Aerial parts Fresh The aerial parts are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Oxalis acetosella L Oxalidaceae G, M MMSWG-3475 23 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Oxalis corniculata L Oxalidaceae G, L, S MMSWG-3490 17 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill Polygonaceae G, L MMSWG-3462 23 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Phytolacca latbenia (Moq.) Maxim Phytolaccaceae G, M MMSWG-3495 14 Leaves Fresh Leaves are boiled, fried with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Pimpinella diversifolia DC Apiaceae L, M MMSWG-3479 8 Aerial parts Fresh Fresh leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use Parents N
Plantago lanceolata L Plantaginaceae B, G, L, M, S MMSWG-3473 17 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm Pleurotaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3486 3 Fruiting body Fresh The fruiting body is fried in ghee, spiced with lassi, and then cooked Food use Parents N
Polygonum aviculare L Polygonaceae B, G, L, M, S MMSWG-3492 34 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Portulaca oleracea L Portulacaceae G, S MMSWG-3459 13 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts with spices are cooked in ghee Food use Parents N
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dennstaedtiaceae B, G, L, S MMSWG-3483 15 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents N
Pteridium revolutum (Blume) Nakai Dennstaedtiaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3515 13 Young fronds Fresh/Dry Young fronds are first boiled and flavoured with ghee and spices Food use Parents N
Rheum australe D.Don Polygonaceae B, G, M MMSWG-3478 13 Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents Y
Rheum webbianum Royle Polygonaceae B, G MMSWG-3504 24 Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents Y
Rumex acetosa L Polygonaceae B, G MMSWG-3505 31 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Rumex dentatus L Polygonaceae G, L MMSWG-3488 16 Leaves Fresh/Dry Leaves are boiled, fried with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Rumex nepalensis Spreng Polygonaceae G, M, S MMSWG-3485 14 Leaves Fresh/Dry Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Silene conoidea L Caryophyllaceae G, M, S MMSWG-3502 12 young leaves Fresh Young leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use Parents N
Sisymbrium irio L Brassicaceae M, S MMSWG-3507 5 Young shoot Fresh Young shoots are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use Parents N
Solanum nigrum L Solanaceae G, M, S MMSWG-3501 9 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg Asteraceae B, G, L, M, S MMSWG-3491 13 Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents, Education N
Trifolium pratense L Fabaceae B, G, L, M, S MMSWG-3480 30 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts are boiled, fried with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Trifolium repens L Fabaceae B, G, L, M, S MMSWG-3482 40 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts are boiled, fried with spices, and cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Urtica dioica L Urticaceae G, L, M, S MMSWG-3471 17 Young Leaves Fresh Fresh leaves with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Veronica arvensis L Plantaginaceae G, L, S MMSWG-3516 20 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use Parents N
Vicia sativa L Fabaceae G, L, M MMSWG-3514 14 Aerial parts Fresh Aerial parts with spices are cooked in ghee Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Viola canescens Wall Violaceae G, L MMSWG-3518 12 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N
Viola odorata L Violaceae G, M MMSWG-3474 9 Leaves Fresh Leaves are fried in ghee and then cooked Food use, Medicinal use Parents N

Ethnic groups (B Bakarwal, G Gujjar, L Lone, M Mughal, S Syed), Plants availability in Market (Y Yes, N No),