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. 2025 Aug 26;10:38. doi: 10.1186/s41256-025-00434-w

Table 2.

Probit model and WTP in the common disease scenario

Exploratory variables Model 1 (without covariates) a Model 2 (reduced model) b Model 3 (full model) c
Coefficient 95% CI Coefficient 95% CI Coefficient 95% CI
Bid − 0.000013*** (− 0.000015, − 0.000012) − 0.000014*** (− 0.000015, − 0.000012) − 0.000014*** (− 0.000015, − 0.000012)
Female 0.278** (0.026, 0.529) 0.294** (0.039, 0.550)
Working experience (senior) 0.009 (− 0.275, 0.293)
Expertise in health insurance 0.240* (− 0.010, 0.490) 0.288** (0.015, 0.561)
Expertise Pharmacy 0.208 (− 0.150, 0.566)
Expertise in Pharmacoeconomics 0.386** (0.085, 0.686) 0.465*** (0.134, 0.795)
South 0.014 (− 0.270, 0.298)
Western − 0.070 (− 0.477, 0.338)
constant term 1.656*** (1.473, 1.839) 1.148*** (0.831, 1.465) 1.062*** (0.397, 1.728)
WTP 126,449.4*** (116,603.4, 136,295.4) 84,543.21*** (61,501.33, 107,585.1) 78,030.92*** (29,209.58, 126,852.3)

a Model 1 includes response as the explained variable and Bid as the main exploratory variable; no other covariates are included in the model. b Model 2 is the reduced model, with the lowest AIC and three covariates. c Model 3 is the full model

*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01