. 2025 Aug 26;25:1128. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07212-3

Table 7.

Effect of different establishment and residue regimes on soil carbon pools at 15–30 cm depth after rice harvest

Treatments	MBC (mg kg⁻¹)			WBC (g kg⁻¹)			POXC (mg kg⁻¹)
Treatments	Tillering	Flowering	Harvest	Tillering	Flowering	Harvest	Tillering	Flowering	Harvest
TPR -CTW	53.8 ± 2.15^f	62.3 ± 0.90^f	55.9 ± 0.58^g	2.87 ± 0.02^a	2.87 ± 0.03^a	2.87 ± 0.01^a	101.9 ± 1.04^f	104.2 ± 1.01^f	104.3 ± 0.55^f
TPR- CTW (RI)	60.8 ± 1.76^d	70.0 ± 1.03^d	63.7 ± 1.07^d	2.87 ± 0.03^a	2.87 ± 0.02^a	2.87 ± 0.02^a	102.5 ± 1.79^f	105.5 ± 2.03 ^f	105.6 ± 1.78^f
TPR-ZTW (RR)	73.7 ± 0.97b	82.8 ± 2.12^b	76.5 ± 0.74^b	2.87 ± 0.01^a	2.87 ± 0.01^a	2.87 ± 0.02^a	110.3 ± 0.58^c	113.0 ± 0.58 ^c	113.0 ± 0.57^c
TPRAWD - CTW	53.6 ± 0.76^f	62.8 ± 1.83^f	56.5 ± 0.38^f	2.87 ± 0.01^a	2.87 ± 0.03^a	2.87 ± 0.03^a	104.6 ± 0.64^e	106.9 ± 0.64^e	106.9 ± 0.25^e
TPRAWD- ZTW (RR)	75.3 ± 0.77^b	84.4 ± 1.66^b	78.1 ± 0.26^b	2.87 ± 0.02^a	2.87 ± 0.02^a	2.87 ± 0.02^a	114.0 ± 1.31^b	119.2 ± 1.31^b	119.3 ± 0.39^b
ZTDSR-CTW (RI)	65.8 ± 0.85c	75.0 ± 2.62^c	68.7 ± 1.12^c	2.88 ± 0.02^a	2.88 ± 0.02^a	2.88 ± 0.01^a	105.1 ± 1.50^d	109.8 ± 1.51^d	111.9 ± 1.22^d
ZTDSR-ZTW (RR)	81.1 ± 3.02^a	90.3 ± 2.42^a	83.9 ± 1.42^a	2.88 ± 0.03^a	2.88 ± 0.02^a	2.88 ± 0.02^a	114.6 ± 1.95^a	120.9 ± 1.96^a	121.0 ± 1.31^a
ZTDSR - CTW	56.7 ± 1.96^e	63.6 ± 1.16^e	57.3 ± 0.60^e	2.88 ± 0.02^a	2.88 ± 0.02^a	2.88 ± 0.03^a	104.9 ± 0.56^e	106.8 ± 0.64^e	108.3 ± 1.28^e

Note: TPR: Puddled Transplanted Rice, CTW: Conventionally Tilled Wheat, ZTW: Zero-tilled Wheat, TPRAWD: TPR with Alternate Wetting and Drying, ZTDSR: Zero-tilled Direct Seeded Rice, RI: Residue incorporation and RR: Residue retention; The mean values sharing any common small cap letters under demark no significant differences in between (p > 0.05) and vice-versa