Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 26;30:807. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03063-8

Table 3.

Associations between CSVD burden score and motor parameters mediated by MoCA score

Outcome variable Effect Unadjusted analysis Adjusted analysis
β/estimate (95% CI) P value β/estimate (95% CI) P value
SPPB score Total Effect (TE)  − 0.725 (− 1.106, − 0.344)  < 0.001  − 0.685 (− 1.062, − 0.309)  < 0.001
Natural Direct Effect (NDE)  − 0.456 (− 0.821, − 0.091) 0.014  − 0.454 (− 0.818, − 0.089) 0.015
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE)  − 0.269 (− 0.475, − 0.063) 0.010  − 0.232 (− 0.423, − 0.041) 0.017
Percentage Mediated (PM) 37.083 (8.709, 65.457) 0.010 33.835 (5.670, 61.999) 0.019
Speed Total Effect (TE)  − 0.047 (− 0.086, − 0.009) 0.016  − 0.042 (− 0.079, − 0.004) 0.054
Natural Direct Effect (NDE)  − 0.029 (− 0.068, 0.010) 0.143  − 0.029 (− 0.067, 0.010) 0.146
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE)  − 0.018 (− 0.035, − 0.001) 0.041  − 0.013 (− 0.028, 0.002) 0.082
Percentage Mediated (PM) 38.042 (− 5.247, 81.332) 0.085 31.798 (− 10.889, 74.486) 0.144
Stride length Total Effect (TE)  − 0.048 (− 0.082, − 0.014) 0.006  − 0.043 (− 0.076, − 0.010) 0.011
Natural Direct Effect (NDE)  − 0.030 (− 0.064, 0.004) 0.085  − 0.029 (− 0.063, 0.004) 0.086
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE)  − 0.018 (− 0.034, − 0.002) 0.028  − 0.013 (− 0.027, 0.000) 0.057
Percentage Mediated (PM) 37.245 (− 0.336, 74.826) 0.052 31.341 (− 5.518, 68.199) 0.096
Stride time Total Effect (TE) 0.010 (− 0.016, 0.035) 0.459 0.008 (− 0.017, 0.033) 0.535
Natural Direct Effect (NDE) 0.004 (− 0.022, 0.031) 0.777 0.004 (− 0.023, 0.030) 0.787
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) 0.006 (− 0.004, 0.015) 0.245 0.004 (− 0.005, 0.013) 0.337
Percentage Mediated (PM) 59.724 (− 123.35, 242.79) 0.523 54.341 (− 146.460, 255.140) 0.596
Hip ROM Total Effect (TE)  − 7.556 (− 14.706, − 0.406) 0.038  − 7.301 (− 14.487, − 0.114) 0.047
Natural Direct Effect (NDE)  − 4.300 (− 11.592, 2.993) 0.248  − 4.310 (− 11.603, 2.983) 0.247
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE)  − 3.256 (− 6.420, − 0.092) 0.044  − 2.991 (− 6.023, 0.041) 0.053
Percentage Mediated (PM) 43.094 (− 9.975, 96.164) 0.112 40.968 (− 11.598, 93.534) 0.127
Knee ROM Total Effect (TE)  − 1.905 (− 3.221, − 0.590) 0.005  − 1.698 (− 2.968, − 0.428) 0.009
Natural Direct Effect (NDE)  − 1.039 (− 2.318, 0.239) 0.111  − 1.016 (− 2.270, 0.238) 0.112
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE)  − 0.866 (− 1.549, − 0.183) 0.013  − 0.682 (− 1.280, − 0.084) 0.025
Percentage Mediated (PM) 45.454 (5.879, 85.028) 0.024 40.167 (0.313, 80.021) 0.048
Ankle ROM Total Effect (TE)  − 4.842 (− 9.681, − 0.002) 0.050  − 4.689 (− 9.556, 0.177) 0.059
Natural Direct Effect (NDE)  − 3.738 (− 8.827, 1.352) 0.150  − 3.729 (− 8.818, 1.361) 0.151
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE)  − 1.104 (− 2.947, 0.739) 0.240  − 0.960 (− 2.695, 0.774) 0.278
Percentage Mediated (PM) 22.801 (− 20.555, 66.157) 0.303 20.482 (− 21.309, 62.274) 0.337

SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery; ROM range of motion; CI confidence interval

: Adjusted for age