Table 2.
Association of skin autofluorescence with incident cancer in all participants, e.g. Those with and without type 2 diabetes combined
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | ||||
| SAF (AU) | 2.36 (2.26–2.45) | *** | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | *** | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | *** |
| Age (yrs) | 1.05 (1.05–1.06) | *** | 1.06 (1.05–1.06) | *** | ||
| Female sex | 1.18 (1.13–1.23) | *** | 1.28 (1.21–1.35) | *** | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | *** | ||||
| Waist (cm) | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | * | ||||
| Pack-years of smoking (n) # | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) | *** | ||||
| Alcohol intake (g/day) # | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | ** | ||||
| Presence of type 2 diabetes | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | |||||
| Presence of metabolic syndrome | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | |||||
Model 1 is a crude Cox proportional hazards model for examining the relationship (hazard ratio) between SAF and the occurrence of cancer; Model 2 adjusts for age and sex, and Model 3 adjusts for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, pack- years of smoking, alcohol intake, presence of type 2 diabetes and presence of the metabolic syndrome
Model 1 & 2 n = 77,961; model 3 n = 72,038 due to missing measurements
# log-transformed; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
BMI, body mass index; SAF, skin autofluorescence