Table 1.
General overview of hypopharyngeal anastomosis studies, table design derived from Sanchez, et al (2022). NR (Not recorded).
| Author | Period | # Patients with Hypopharyngeal Surgery |
Method of Injury | Endoscopic Dilation | Time to Surgery from Injury | Conduit (iso-peristaltic, anti-peristaltic) | Conduit perfusion | Route | Type of Anastomosis | Mortality | Tolerating normal diet? | Regain Swallow Function? |
Still using feeding tube? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chilgar, et al | Jan 1994 to December 2012 | 94 | Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Squamous cancer | NR | NR | Free colon or ileo-colon iso | NR | NR | 2-layered suture vs. modified 2-layer suture with distal conical trimming | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Jiang, et al | Aug 1988 to June 2023 | 14 | Caustic injuries | NR | 17.5 months | Left colon, anti | Mesenteric angiography, temporary occlusion | Mediastinum |
1-layered suture technique (prox) 2-layered suture technique (distal) |
NR | 14/14 | NR | NR |
| Wu, et al | Sept 1976 to April 2000 | 50 | Caustic injuries | NR | 37 (74%) operated on within 6 months | 28/50 with ileocolon | Temporary clamping | 44/50 substernal | 1 or 2-layered interrupted sutures above level of abnormal mucosa | 1/50 | NR | 42/50 | NR |
| Lu, et al | March 2003 to May 2006 | 5 | Stage IVA hypopharynx cancer | NR | NR | Left colon with distal arterial enhancement (superior thyroid artery in 4; facial artery in 1) | Visual | Posterior mediastinum | NR | 0 | All | All | NR |
| Tannuri and Tannuri | Feb 1982 to Dec 2015 | 19 | Caustic | Yes | NR | Transverse and right colon; isoperistaltic | NR | Retrosternal, unless esophagectomy done where posterior mediastinum was used | 1-layer interrupted | 0 | All | All | All |
| Denewer, et al | Jan 2004 to Dec 2012 | 142 | Most squamous cell | NR | NR | Including 3 revisional surgeries; pectoralis flap in 48, jejunal flap in 28, augmented colon bypass in 4, gastric pull-up in 32, gastric tube in 30 | NR | NR | NR | 15/142 | Including 3 revisional surgeries: 40% of the pectoralis flap; 80% jejunal flap; 75% of augmented colon bypass; 82.4% with gastric pull-up; 86.7% with gastric tube | NR | NR |
| Bisquera, et al | ~ 2022 | 1 (oropharynx) | Caustic ingestion | No- complete obliteration | ~ 6 months | Left colon | Temporary clamping | Subcutaneous | Two-layered suture technique proximal; Roux-en-Y | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Pegan, et al | 10-year period | 31 | Hypopharyngeal carcinoma | 0 | NR | Radial forearm flap in 9; jejunum in 7, gastric tube in 15 | NR | NR | NR | 0% | 29/31 | 29/31 | 2/31 |
| Tran and Celerier | 1978–1986 | 18 | Caustic | NR | 4 months- 28 years | Right ileocolon in 17; transverse colon in 1 | NR | Retrosternal | NR | 0 (3 died from severe malnutrition) | 11 | 11 | 4/14 |
| Marzouki, et al | ~ 2021 | 1 | Hypopharyngeal cancer, squamous cell | NR | NR | Tubed radial forearm flap | NR | NR | NR | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Schultz, et al | ~ 2018 | 8 | NR | NR | NR | Forearm flap and tubed pectoralis major flap | NR | NR | Prox: Vicryl suture; Distal: Vicryl suture and 21mm diameter circular stapler with 2 rows of staples | 0 | NR | 5/5 forearm | NR |
| Wang, et al | May 1995 to Nov 2021 | 75 | Hypopharyngeal cancer | NR | NR | Stomach | NR | Posterior Mediastinum | Manual in 47; mechanical in 28 via circular stapler | 4 | NR | NR | NR |
| Zeng, et al | Jan 2005 to March 2017 | 20 | Corrosive | NR | 6 months to 45 years | Colon | Palpation temporary occlusion | Retrosternal | End-to-end manner with single-layer and broad-border hand sewn with delayed absorbable suture; distal end with continuous suture | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Choi, et al | ~ 1997 | 7 | Alkali and acid | Yes | 6 months-10 years | Colon, radial forearm flap, right shoulder pedicle flap | NR | NR | NR | 0 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Zangi, et al | 2009 to 2014 | 9 | Corrosive | NR | 4–10 months | Left colon isoperistaltic | Temporary clamping | Retrosternal or Posterior Mediastinum | Single layer of interrupted Vicryl | 3 | NR | 6 | NR |
| Pesko, et al | January 1978 to January 2004 | 40 | Hypopharyngeal carcinoma | NR | NR | Stomach in 29; colon in 11 | NR | NR | NR | 6 (13%) | NR | NR | NR |
| Inoue, et al | ~ 1992 | 28 | Hypopharyngeal carcinoma | NR | NR | Jejunum with microvascular anastomosis | Angiography preop | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |