Table 3.
Complications associated with a hypopharyngeal anastomosis, table design derived from Sanchez, et al. NR (Not Recorded); RFFF (Radial Forearm Free Flap).
| Author | Period | Number of Patients with Hypopharyngeal / Pharyngeal Anastomosis | Anastomotic Leak | Obstruction | Stenosis or Stricture | Dehiscence | Dysphagia | Respiratory | Infection | Death | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chilgar, et al | Jan 1994 to Dec 2012 | 94 |
3 (distal) 0 (proximal) |
0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jiang, et al | Aug 1988 to June 2023 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 1 prox, 1 distal | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Disruption of the abdominal incision in 1 |
| Wu, et al | Sept 1976 to April 2000 | 50 | 3 cervical, 2 abdominal | 1 esophageal substitute, 3 intestinal | 6 hypopharyngeal, 6 laryngotracheal | 1 graft failure | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Gastric mucocele with chronic anemia in 1 |
| Lu, et al | March 2003 to May 2006 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tracheostomy stoma stenosis in 1 |
| Tannuri and Tannuri | Feb 1982 to Dec 2015 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 9 (cervical) | 1 (cologastric) | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | Diarrhea (10) |
| Denewer, et al | Jan 2004 to Dec 2012 | 142 | NR | NR | Including 3 revisional surgeries: 26% pec; 4% jejunal; 0 augmented colon; 8.8% gastric pull up; 6.7% gastric tube | NR | NR | 15 | NR | 15 |
Including 3 revisional surgeries: 4 cases of flap failure (3 jejunal, 1 pec) - Early fistula in 24% of pec, 8% jejunal, 25% augmented colon, 14.7% gastric pull up; 10% of gastric tube |
| Bisquera, et al | ~ 2022 | 1 (oropharynx) | No complications | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pegan, et al | 10-year period not specified | 31 | NR | NR | NR | 3 with abdominal skin dehiscence in gastric tube recon group | 3 | NR | NR | 0 | Flap failure 3 and cutaneous fistula 1 in RFFF group |
| Tran and Celerier | 1978–1986 | 18 | NR | NR | 9 | NR | 4 | 4 | Necrosis in 1; phlebitis in 1 | 0 (3 died from malnutrition) | 4 cervical and 1 abdominal fistula at digestive anastomosis |
| Marzouki, et al | ~ 2021 | 1 | No complications | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Schultz, et al | ~ 2018 | 8 | - | - | 1 | - | 3 pectoralis major | - | - | - | 1 fistula in forearm group and 1 fistula in pec major |
| Wang, et al | May 1995 to Nov 2021 | 75 (mechanical in 28, manual in 47) | Mechanical in 2, manual in 13 | NR | Mechanical in 2, Manual in 4 | NR | NR | Mechanical in 5, manual in 15 | Manual 8 vs Mechanical 0 | Manual in 4 |
Post-op bleeding: 5 manual, 1 mechanical Tracheal fistula: 1 mechanical, 2 manual Cerebro-vascular complications 0 in mechanical, 2 in manual |
| Zeng, et al | Jan 2005 to March 2017 | 20 | 1 | NR | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 | NR |
| Choi, et al | ~ 1997 | 7 | NR | NR | 3 | NR | 4 | NR | NR | 0 | Redundant colon in 1, perforation in 1 |
| Zangi, et al | 2009 to 2014 | 9 | - | - | - | - | 4 | 7 (aspiration) | 1 Sepsis from graft necrosis | 3 | 2 vocal cord paralysis |
| Pesko, et al | Jan 1978 to Jan 2004 | 40 | 6 | - | - | - | - | 12 | 1 necrosis | 6 | Cardiovascular 2, Other 2 |
| Inoue, et al | ~ 1992 | 28 | NR | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |