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. 2025 Jul;64(4):770–777. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-012

Table 2.

Influence of administration route on time to cardiac and respiratory arrest

Outcome Group n Median (s) Minimum (s) Maximum (s) z P
Cardiac arrest Intrarenal 13 411 40 900 4.43 <0.001
Intravenous 14 9 6 24
Respiratory arrest Intrarenal 13 120 23 900 4.43 <0.001
Intravenous 14 9 6 19

This table shows a significant difference between intravenous and intrarenal routes (P < 0.001).