Figure 1.

Pictograph representing experimental setup. The studies were done as a training phase and validation phase. In the training phase, ‘wetness’ of bedding was scored by visual observations. Cage change was done when at least 2 of 3 observers gave a score ≥3. In the validation phase, ‘dirtiness’ was determined by the BSI digital biomarker; observers could score the task as ‘fair’ (needing change), ‘too dirty’ (needing change), or ‘too clean’ (no need to change).