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. 2025 Aug 12;12:1622383. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1622383

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Copyright © 2025 Park, Lee, Lee and Hyun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Four bar graphs present electrolyte levels in G1 and G2 groups over various days. Top left: Sodium (Na) in milliequivalents per liter, top right: Chloride (Cl) in milliequivalents per liter, bottom left: Potassium (K) in milliequivalents per liter, bottom right: Phosphorus (P) in milligrams per deciliter. Measurements are taken on days 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56, showing consistent levels across groups and time points. — Results of serum electrolytes in study period. ^*p < 0.05 Group 1 vs. Group 2 ^$p < 0.05 compared to Day 0. Na (sodium), K (potassium), Cl (chloride), and P (phosphorus).