Table 2. Weighted demographic characteristics of individuals who tested for influenza and only tested for influenza across 3 seasons. An online cross-sectional study of US residents aged 13 years and older was carried out to assess self-reported influenza testing in the last 30 days for the 2021‐2022 (n=335,964), 2022‐2023 (n=334,584), and 2023‐2024 (n=269,624) seasons. This table included the numbers and proportions of those who reported testing for influenza in each season. Survey weights to reflect US census targets were applied to proportions only.
| Demographics | Season | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021‐2022 | 2022‐2023 | 2023‐2024 | |||||||||||
| Tested for influenzaa | Only tested for influenzab | Tested for influenzaa | Only tested for influenzab | Tested for influenzaa | Only tested for influenzab | ||||||||
|
|
n | Weighted % (MOEc) | n | Weighted % (MOE) | n | Weighted % (MOE) | n | Weighted % (MOE) | n | Weighted % (MOE) | n | Weighted % (MOE) | |
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Male | 4463 | 4.4 (4.3‐4.6) | 392 | 0.4 (0.4‐0.4) | 8041 | 9.3 (9.1‐9.6) | 1238 | 1.4 (1.3‐1.5) | 5146 | 8.8 (8.5‐9.1) | 1062 | 1.8 (1.7‐2.0) | |
| Female | 6976 | 3.9 (3.7‐4.0) | 544 | 0.3 (0.3‐0.4) | 12,862 | 8.8 (8.6‐9.0) | 2128 | 1.5 (1.4‐1.6) | 8280 | 8.9 (8.7‐9.2) | 1612 | 1.9 (1.7‐2.0) | |
| Not listed or non-conforming | 294 | 5.0 (4.3‐5.8) | —d | — | 591 | 11.4 (10.2‐12.6) | — | — | 454 | 11.2 (9.7‐12.7) | — | — | |
| Race | |||||||||||||
| White | 5639 | 3.1 (3.0‐3.2) | 378 | 0.2 (0.2‐0.3) | 9733 | 7.2 (7.0‐7.4) | 1432 | 1.1 (1.1‐1.2) | 6006 | 6.9 (6.6‐7.1) | 1023 | 1.3 (1.2‐1.4) | |
| Black | 2798 | 6.8 (6.5‐7.1) | 265 | 0.7 (0.6‐0.8) | 4982 | 13.9 (13.4‐14.4) | 842 | 2.2 (2.0‐2.4) | 3441 | 14.2 (13.6‐14.8) | 719 | 3.1 (2.8‐3.4) | |
| Hispanic | 2298 | 6.1 (5.8‐6.4) | 221 | 0.6 (0.5‐0.7) | 4176 | 12.5 (12.0‐13.0) | 711 | 2.1 (1.9‐2.3) | 2611 | 11.8 (11.2‐12.4) | 578 | 2.5 (2.3‐2.8) | |
| Asian | 462 | 3.4 (3.0‐3.8) | — | — | 748 | 7.4 (6.8‐8.1) | 181 | 1.7 (1.4‐2.0) | 523 | 7.8 (6.9‐8.7) | 182 | 2.5 (1.9‐3.0) | |
| No answer | 536 | 4.7 (4.2‐5.2) | — | — | 7236 | 10.1 (9.5‐10.7) | 1216 | 1.6 (1.4‐1.9) | 9228 | 10.7 (9.9‐11.5) | 2077 | 2.5 (2.1‐2.9) | |
| Education | |||||||||||||
| Did not complete high school | 684 | 5.7 (5.1‐6.2) | — | — | 1359 | 12.4 (11.5‐13.3) | 251 | 2.3 (1.9‐2.8) | 1034 | 12.1 (11.0‐13.2) | 252 | 3.3 (2.7‐3.9) | |
| High school or General Educational Development diploma | 2971 | 5.2 (5.0‐5.5) | 270 | 0.5 (0.4‐0.6) | 5630 | 10.9 (10.5‐11.3) | 696 | 1.9 (1.7‐2.1) | 3917 | 10.6 (10.1‐11.1) | 804 | 2.2 (2.0‐2.4) | |
| Associate’s degree | 1335 | 4.2 (3.9‐4.5) | 104 | 0.3 (0.3‐0.4) | 2253 | 9.0 (8.5‐9.5) | 330 | 1.3 (1.1‐1.5) | 1409 | 8.5 (7.9‐9.1) | 291 | 1.8 (1.5‐2.1) | |
| Some college | 2569 | 4.0 (3.8‐4.2) | 222 | 0.4 (0.3‐0.4) | 4625 | 9.0 (8.6‐9.3) | 727 | 1.3 (1.2‐1.5) | 2939 | 9.0 (8.5‐9.4) | 541 | 1.7 (1.5‐1.9) | |
| College graduate | 2409 | 2.7 (2.6‐2.8) | 175 | 0.2 (0.2‐0.2) | 4464 | 6.5 (6.2‐6.7) | 699 | 1.0 (0.9‐1.1) | 2645 | 6.3 (5.9‐6.6) | 523 | 1.2 (1.1‐1.4) | |
| Postgraduate degree | 1765 | 2.4 (2.3‐2.6) | 118 | 0.2 (0.1‐0.2) | 3163 | 5.7 (5.4‐6.0) | 475 | 0.9 (0.8‐1.0) | 1936 | 5.7 (5.4‐6.1) | 346 | 1.0 (0.9‐1.2) | |
| Age (years) | |||||||||||||
| 13‐17 | 201 | 4.2 (3.4‐5.0) | — | — | 396 | 10.1 (8.7‐11.5) | 101 | 2.1 (1.4‐2.8) | 352 | 10.8 (9.0‐12.6) | 131 | 3.9 (2.7‐5.0) | |
| 18‐24 | 1086 | 5.4 (5.1‐5.8) | 110 | 0.5 (0.4‐0.7) | 1735 | 10.8 (10.1‐11.5) | 334 | 2.0 (1.7‐2.4) | 1184 | 10.7 (9.8‐11.6) | 271 | 2.4 (2.0‐2.8) | |
| 25‐34 | 2319 | 6.2 (5.9‐6.5) | 170 | 0.5 (0.4‐0.6) | 3992 | 12.8 (12.3‐13.3) | 571 | 1.8 (1.6‐2.0) | 2297 | 11.1 (10.5‐11.7) | 419 | 1.9 (1.6‐2.1) | |
| 35‐44 | 2471 | 4.9 (4.7‐5.2) | 164 | 0.4 (0.3‐0.4) | 4533 | 10.8 (10.4‐11.2) | 713 | 1.8 (1.6‐2.0) | 2820 | 10.5 (10.0‐11.0) | 518 | 1.9 (1.7‐2.1) | |
| 45‐54 | 2392 | 3.9 (3.7‐4.1) | 185 | 0.3 (0.3‐0.4) | 4040 | 8.3 (8.0‐8.7) | 588 | 1.3 (1.1‐1.4) | 2689 | 8.7 (8.2‐9.1) | 473 | 1.6 (1.4‐1.8) | |
| 55‐64 | 1857 | 2.8 (2.7‐3.0) | 142 | 0.2 (0.2‐0.3) | 3724 | 6.9 (6.6‐7.2) | 607 | 1.1 (1.0‐1.2) | 2432 | 7.2 (6.8‐7.5) | 505 | 1.5 (1.3‐1.7) | |
| 65 and older | 1407 | 2.3 (2.1‐2.4) | 175 | 0.3 (0.3‐0.4) | 3074 | 5.6 (5.4‐5.9) | 537 | 1.0 (0.9‐1.1) | 2106 | 5.7 (5.4‐6.1) | 440 | 1.2 (1.1‐1.4) | |
| Income (US $) | |||||||||||||
| Under 15,000 | 2002 | 7.1 (6.7‐7.5) | 217 | 0.8 (0.7‐0.9) | 3640 | 15.0 (14.4‐15.6) | 536 | 2.3 (2.0‐2.5) | 2319 | 14.2 (13.5‐14.9) | 426 | 2.7 (2.3‐3.0) | |
| Between 15,000 and 29,999 | 1782 | 5.4 (5.1‐5.8) | 162 | 0.5 (0.4‐0.6) | 2999 | 12.0 (11.5‐12.5) | 527 | 2.2 (2.0‐2.5) | 1863 | 11.7 (11.0‐12.4) | 350 | 2.2 (1.9‐2.5) | |
| Between 30,000 and 49,999 | 1879 | 4.4 (4.2‐4.7) | 158 | 0.4 (0.3‐0.5) | 3247 | 9.5 (9.1‐9.9) | 496 | 1.4 (1.2‐1.5) | 1993 | 9.7 (9.2‐10.2) | 411 | 2.1 (1.8‐2.3) | |
| Between 50,000 and 74,999 | 1687 | 3.7 (3.5‐3.9) | 145 | 0.3 (0.2‐0.4) | 2897 | 8.0 (7.6‐8.4) | 471 | 1.3 (1.1‐1.4) | 1706 | 7.8 (7.3‐8.3) | 367 | 1.7 (1.5‐1.9) | |
| Between 75,000 and 99,999 | 1206 | 3.2 (3.0‐3.4) | — | — | 2041 | 7.4 (7.0‐7.8) | 325 | 1.3 (1.1‐1.4) | 1160 | 7.1 (6.6‐7.6) | 236 | 1.6 (1.4‐1.9) | |
| Between 100,000 and 150,000 | 1288 | 2.8 (2.6‐2.9) | — | — | 2175 | 6.3 (6.0‐6.6) | 344 | 1.1 (1.0‐1.2) | 1209 | 6.1 (5.7‐6.6) | 224 | 1.3 (1.1‐1.5) | |
| Over 150,000 | 1287 | 2.8 (2.6‐3.0) | — | — | 2183 | 6.3 (5.9‐6.6) | 295 | 0.9 (0.8‐1.0) | 1211 | 6.0 (5.6‐6.4) | 190 | 1.2 (1.0‐1.4) | |
| No answer | 601 | 3.3 (3.0‐3.6) | — | — | 7693 | 7.1 (6.6‐7.6) | 1388 | 1.4 (1.2‐1.7) | 10348 | 7.2 (6.6‐7.9) | 2375 | 1.9 (1.9‐1.6) | |
| Insurance | |||||||||||||
| Plan through your spouse, parent, or employer | 4180 | 3.2 (3.0‐3.3) | 265 | 0.2 (0.2‐0.3) | 6536 | 7.1 (6.9‐7.4) | 947 | 1.1 (1.0‐1.2) | 3604 | 7.0 (6.7‐7.3) | 626 | 1.4 (1.3‐1.6) | |
| Other (please specify) | 819 | 4.5 (4.2‐4.9) | — | — | 789 | 9.2 (8.4‐10.0) | 166 | 1.8 (1.5‐2.2) | — | — | — | — | |
| Plan you purchased yourself | 1515 | 4.7 (4.4‐5.0) | 141 | 0.4 (0.3‐0.5) | 2446 | 9.1 (8.7‐9.6) | 404 | 1.5 (1.4‐1.7) | 1478 | 9.8 (9.2‐10.4) | 298 | 1.9 (1.6‐2.2) | |
| Medicare | 2263 | 4.2 (4.0‐4.4) | 242 | 0.4 (0.4‐0.5) | 4470 | 9.5 (9.2‐9.8) | 706 | 1.6 (1.4‐1.7) | 2843 | 9.4 (9.0‐9.8) | 545 | 1.9 (1.7‐2.1) | |
| Medicaid or Medical | 1659 | 6.7 (6.3‐7.1) | 130 | 0.6 (0.4‐0.7) | 3357 | 14.4 (13.8‐15.0) | 487 | 2.1 (1.9‐2.3) | 1985 | 13.2 (12.5‐13.9) | 376 | 2.6 (2.3‐3.0) | |
| TRICARE | 262 | 4.8 (4.1‐5.5) | — | — | 501 | 11.6 (10.4‐12.8) | — | — | 232 | 8.9 (7.5‐10.4) | — | — | |
| Not covered by health insurance | 777 | 4.7 (4.3‐5.1) | — | — | 1112 | 8.6 (8.0‐9.2) | 181 | 1.3 (1.1‐1.6) | 753 | 7.9 (7.2‐8.7) | 162 | 1.6 (1.3‐2.0) | |
| No answer | 257 | 4.7 (4.0‐5.5) | — | — | 7664 | 9.3 (8.6‐10.1) | 1406 | 1.9 (1.6‐2.3) | 10,914 | 9.3 (8.6‐9.9) | 2517 | 2.3 (2.0‐2.7) | |
| Industry | |||||||||||||
| Health care | 2166 | 4.3 (4.1‐4.5) | 147 | 0.3 (0.3‐0.4) | 3851 | 9.7 (9.4‐10.1) | 555 | 1.4 (1.3‐1.6) | 2145 | 9.1 (8.6‐9.6) | 424 | 1.9 (1.6‐2.0) | |
| Non–health care | 6269 | 4.2 (4.1‐4.3) | 478 | 0.3 (0.3‐0.4) | 10,772 | 9.0 (8.8‐9.3) | 1745 | 1.5 (1.4‐1.6) | 6192 | 8.9 (8.6‐9.2) | 1203 | 1.7 (1.6‐1.9) | |
a
"Tested for influenza” includes all individuals who answered “Yes” to “In the past 30 days, have you been tested for influenza (flu)?”
b
“Only Tested for influenza” includes only individuals who answered “Yes” to “In the past 30 days have you been tested for influenza (flu)?” and excluded an answer of “Yes” to “In the past 30 days, have you been tested for COVID-19?”
c
MOE: Margin of Error.
d
Suppressed values are indicated by “- -“ for groups with an N lower than 100.