Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for the health-related quality of life measures by family functioning group
| Health-related quality of life measures | Group 1 NIC HFF |
Group 2 NIC UnHFF |
Group 3 MTBI HFF |
Group 4 MTBI UnHFF |
Group 5 STBI HFF |
Group 6 STBI UnHFF |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Anxiety1 | 49.4 | 9.3 | 53.8 | 8.5 | 53.2 | 9.3 | 59.6 | 7.2 | 52.3 | 9.2 | 56.6 | 7.4 |
| Depression | 45.3 | 7.1 | 52.6 | 6.5 | 49.0 | 7.8 | 55.3 | 7.1 | 48.3 | 8.1 | 54.4 | 7.5 |
| Anger | 47.9 | 7.6 | 52.7 | 9.0 | 51.6 | 9.1 | 58.3 | 9.0 | 50.3 | 8.0 | 55.8 | 8.5 |
| Emot/Behav Dys | 43.2 | 7.0 | 48.5 | 7.3 | 46.0 | 7.8 | 52.0 | 8.3 | 45.7 | 7.6 | 52.5 | 7.7 |
| Fatigue | 49.8 | 8.1 | 54.2 | 8.1 | 54.0 | 8.0 | 59.2 | 7.0 | 52.4 | 7.5 | 56.6 | 6.7 |
| Sleep disturbance | 51.6 | 9.6 | 55.8 | 9.2 | 55.3 | 9.3 | 61.1 | 7.6 | 51.3 | 9.0 | 58.1 | 7.9 |
| Headaches | 46.2 | 7.6 | 47.8 | 7.2 | 51.0 | 7.4 | 54.4 | 6.4 | 48.1 | 7.4 | 52.9 | 6.4 |
| Pain interference | 50.2 | 9.9 | 55.6 | 6.2 | 55.5 | 8.5 | 60.1 | 6.4 | 50.5 | 8.8 | 57.4 | 8.0 |
| Cognition-general concerns | 44.8 | 8.8 | 39.9 | 7.5 | 38.0 | 9.0 | 32.8 | 7.0 | 39.0 | 8.8 | 34.4 | 6.4 |
| Social participationa | 49.8 | 4.9 | 45.3 | 5.8 | 47.9 | 5.8 | 44.4 | 4.9 | 48.8 | 4.9 | 44.5 | 5.3 |
| Total # elevated scores M (SD) | 1.0 (1.6) | 2.4 (2.1) | 2.2 (2.3) | 4.3 (2.5) | 1.6 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.5) | ||||||
N = 359 (Group 1 = 34, Group 2 = 28, Group 3 = 88, Group 4 = 101, Group 5 = 58, Group 6 = 50). 1p < 0.001 for all measures except anxiety (p = 0.011; ANCOVA using PCLC Subtotal as a covariate); alower scores on these subtests reflect worse outcome. TBI, traumatic brain injury; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; NIC, Non-injured controls; TBI, Uncomplicated mild TBI; STBI, combines severe TBI, moderate TBI, and complicated mild TBI; TBI-QOL, Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life measure; Emot/Behav Dys, Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol; Social Participation, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities. HFF, Healthy Family Functioning; UnHFF, Unhealthy Family Functioning.