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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Educ Behav Stat. 2024 Jun 18;50(3):497–525. doi: 10.3102/10769986241256030

Table 5.

Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of True Reliabilities, Empirical Reliabilities, and RMSEs of Trait Score Estimates Based on Estimated Item Parameters and Intertrait Correlations

Number of traits Estimation method Keyed direction Estimate intertrait correlations True reliability Empirical reliability RMSE of estimates
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
5 QMCEM Same Y .69 .06 .76 .08 .85 .06
N .70 .06 .77 .06 .79 .06
Mixed Y .78 .05 .83 .03 .67 .05
N .78 .06 .83 .05 .68 .05
MHRM Same Y .70 .06 .77 .07 .78 .07
N .70 .06 .77 .06 .78 .06
Mixed Y .78 .05 .83 .03 .65 .05
N .78 .05 .83 .03 .65 .05
15 QMCEM Same N .67 .09 .73 .08 1.15 .04
Mixed N .75 .07 .78 .08 .99 .04
MHRM Same N .67 .09 .76 .08 .83 .05
Mixed N .76 .06 .81 .06 .63 .04