. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 30.

Published in final edited form as: J Educ Behav Stat. 2024 Jun 18;50(3):497–525. doi: 10.3102/10769986241256030

Table 6.

Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of True Reliabilities, Empirical Reliabilities, and RMSEs of Trait Score Estimates Based on True Item Parameters and Intertrait Correlations

Number of traits	Estimation method			Keyed direction	True reliability		Empirical reliability		RMSE of estimates
Number of traits	Estimation method			Keyed direction	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
5		QMCEM	Same		.71	.05	.77	.05	.76	.06
		QMCEM	Mixed		.78	.05	.83	.03	.64	.04
		MHRM	Same		.71	.05	.77	.05	.76	.06
		MHRM	Mixed		.79	.04	.83	.03	.64	.05
15		QMCEM	Same		.68	.09	.76	.07	.84	.04
		QMCEM	Mixed		.77	.05	.82	.04	.65	.03
		MHRM	Same		.67	.09	.76	.07	.86	.04
		MHRM	Mixed		.77	.05	.82	.04	.64	.03