Fig. 2. Characterization of β-hairpin structure and conformation of peptides at 20 °C in sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.0. (A) and (B) Circular dichroism. (C) Secondary structure analysis using the difference between experimentally observed and theoretical values of random ¹³C^α and ¹³C^β chemical shifts. Negative ΔδC^α–ΔδC^β values are indicative of β-sheet structure.