Table 3.

Mediation Analysis Results

Path Analysis	Effect Size (OR/β)	95% CI	P
Total effect	−0.007	−0.013, 0	<0.001
Path a (Sleep→CESD)	−0.226	−0.301, −0.151	<0.001
Path b (CESD→CKM)	1.035	1.025, 1.045	<0.001
ACME	−0.002	−0.002, 0	<0.001
Direct effect	−0.006	−0.012, 0	0.06

Notes: Results are based on causal mediation analysis. The total, direct (ADE), and indirect (ACME) effects are presented on the risk difference scale. Path a coefficient (β) represents the change in the CESD score for each one-hour increase in sleep duration. Path b is presented as an odds ratio (OR) for CKM per one-unit increase in the CESD score. The negative signs for the total, direct, and indirect effects indicate that longer sleep duration is associated with a reduced risk of CKM syndrome.

Abbreviations: ACME, Average Causal Mediation Effect; ADE, Average Direct Effect; CI, Confidence Interval; CKM, Cardiometabolic-Kidney-Metabolic; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; OR, Odds Ratio.