Table 4.

Mapping of three main change ideas tested as part of the programme to the relevant theory and concept, with examples of how the idea was tailored in different locations

Change idea	Theory	Concept	Examples of local tailoring
Board relay	Having a physical board that is handed over will remind staff to complete observations. Handing over this board with a verbal handover will ensure that any issues are passed on. This will improve observation completion	There is a visible way of indicating someone is undertaking observations with a physical reminder that is verbally handed over between staff   Verbal Handover between staff of observations Physical Reminder to complete observations Visible way of indicating someone is undertaking observations	Using coloured bibs to signify the individual taking observations with the board and handing over both between staff.   Swapping the use of a board for a notebook to take observations
Life skills recovery workers	Use ward resources to provide activities at times of the day when there are usually higher incidents. This will reduce issues. This will, in turn, free up staff to complete more observations.	Regular, intentional therapeutic contact between staff and service users through the provision of activities at times of the day when there are likely to be higher incidents.   Activities available for service users at times of the day when there are higher levels of incidents Regular, intentional therapeutic contact between staff and service users in a structured way	Some wards have been using LSRW in the mornings to run activities as this is a period they identified higher than usual incidents.
Zonal observations	Zonal Observations and engagement will allow for care to be delivered in a less restrictive environment by reducing observations where possible.	Staff visible on the ward floor are able to provide regular interactions and intervention with service users in a less restrictive environment.   Visibility of staff on the ward floor Regular interaction between staff and service users in a less restrictive environment Providing structured and ad hoc interventions	Using zonal observations at specific points where incidents are higher   Use of zonal observations all the time