Table 2.
Quantitative pooling results for static balance.
| Outcomes | n of included results | Results | Subgroup analysis, p | Sensitivity analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMD (95% CI) | p | I2 (p for I2) | Stimulus location | Duration of intervention | Type of task | |||
| APSIstatic | 9 | −4.532 (−5.262, −3.801) |
<0.001 | 51.1% (0.038) |
C: <0.001 M1: <0.001 |
I: <0.001 LT: <0.001 |
NA | Stable |
| MLSIstatic | 9 | −3.520 (−4.350, −2.690) |
<0.001 | 73.7% (<0.001) |
C: <0.001 M1: <0.001 |
I: <0.001 LT: <0.001 |
NA | Stable |
| OSIstatic | 9 | −3.327 (−4.819, −1.834) |
<0.001 | 92.4% (<0.001) |
C: 0.012 M1: <0.001 |
I: 0.058 LT: <0.001 |
NA | Stable |
| OLST | 6 | 0.648 (0.203, 1.093) |
0.004 | 53.2% (0.058) |
C: <0.001 M1: 0.242 |
I: 0.05 LT: 0.008 |
NA | Stable |
| COP sway area | 8 | −0.663 (−1.308, −0.019) |
0.044 | 94.9% (<0.001) |
DLPFC: 0.047 M1: 0.172 DLPFC+M1: 0.639 |
NA | ST: 0.506 DT: 0.06 |
Unstable |
| COP path length | 4 | −0.924 (−1.757, −0.091) |
0.03 | 79.6% (0.002) |
C: 0.046 M1: 0.357 |
NA | NA | Unstable |
| COP sway velocity | 6 | −0.177 (−0.371 ~ 0.16) |
0.073 | 39.6% (0.142) |
DLPFC: 0.051 M1: 0.841 DLPFC+M1: 0.213 |
NA | ST: 0.347 DT: 0.217 |
Unstable |
APSI, anterior–posterior stability index; MLSI, medial–lateral stability index; OSI, overall stability index; OLST, one-leg standing time; COP, center of pressure; C, cerebellum; M1, motor cortex; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; I, immediate; LT, long term; ST, single task; DT, dual task; NA, not applicable. Bold values denote statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).