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. 2025 Aug 13;19:1641801. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2025.1641801

TABLE 3.

Statistical output of mixed analysis of variances (ANOVAs) assessing physiological and biochemical outcomes.

Effect DFn DFd F P ηp2
Heart rate
 CES 1 35 6.00 0.01* 0.15
 Session 1 35 0.98 0.33 0.03
 CES: session 1 35 0.04 0.85 0.00
Heart rate variability
 CES 1 35 1.30 0.26 0.04
 Session 1 35 1.93 0.17 0.05
 CES: session 1 35 0.13 0.73 0.00
Respiration rate
 CES 1 35 0.27 0.60 0.00
 Session 1 35 0.02 0.90 0.00
 CES: SESSION 1 35 4.17 0.05 0.11
Tonic pupil diameter
 CES 1 26 0.70 0.41 0.03
 Session 1 26 2.02 0.17 0.07
 CES: session 1 26 0.31 0.58 0.01
Alpha amylase
 CES 1 43 2.7 0.10 0.06
 Time 3.33 143 15.03 0.00*** 0.26
 Session 1 43 0.06 0.81 0.00
 CES: time 3.33 143 1.01 0.40 0.02
 CES: session 1 43 0.91 0.35 0.02
 Time: session 4 172 4.88 0.00*** 0.10
 CES: time: session 4 172 1.02 0.40 0.02
Cortisol
 CES 1 44 1.82 0.18 0.04
 Time 2.18 95.82 21.88 0.00*** 0.33
 Session 1 44 0.41 0.53 0.01
 CES: time 2.18 95.82 2.73 0.07 0.06
 CES: session 1 44 0.56 0.46 0.01
 Time: session 2.93 128.88 3.90 0.01* 0.08
 CES: time: session 2.93 128.88 1.26 0.29 0.03

*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.