Table 1.
Previously published case reports and case series of fishbone-induced intestinal perforation, categorized by country, patient age, diagnostic method, type of fish, location, onset of symptoms or time of ingestion, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions (N = 58).
| Authors | Country and region | Year of publication | Age | Method of confirmation | Fish species | Perforation site | Secondary segment | Fishbone length (cm) | Time of fishbone ingestion or onset of symptoms | Main intervention | Outcome (recovered/deceased) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goh et al. (46) | Singapore | 2005 | 32 | ST (Lap) | Unknown | SI | Duo | 3.0 | 5 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Völkl et al. (51) | Germany | 1997 | 57 | CT | Unknown | SI | Duo | 2.0 | 10 days | Duodenoscope | Recovered |
| Chen et al. (89) | China, Taiwan | 2011 | 59 | ST (Lap) | Unknown | SI | Duo | 4.0 | 2 weeks | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Brandão et al. (20) | Portugal | 2010 | 61 | CT | Unknown | SI | Duo | Unknown | 3 days | Con Tx (Abs + anticoagulation) | Recovered |
| Wang et al. (21) | United States | 2020 | 63 | CT | Unknown | SI | Duo | Unknown | 1 month | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Wang et al. (41) | China | 2021 | 68 | CT | Unknown | SI | Duo | 3.0 | 14 days | ST (LS to Lap) | Recovered |
| Yasuda et al. (140) | Japan | 2010 | 73 | CT | Marbled sole | SI | Duo | 4.0 | 3 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Nishino et al. (104) | Japan | 2012 | 77 | CT | Unknown | SI | Duo | 3.0 | 3 days | Duodenoscope | Recovered |
| Shibuya et al. (52) | Japan | 2008 | 33 | Double-balloon endoscopy | Eel | SI | Jej | 1.1 | 8 months | Double-balloon endoscopy | Recovered |
| Lin and Wu (48) | China, Taiwan | 2012 | 45 | CT | Unknown | SI | Jej | 3.0 | 3 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Dural et al. (118) | Turkey | 2016 | 52 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Jej | Unknown | 3 days | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Jallali et al. (143) | United States | 2024 | 55 | CT | Unknown | SI | Jej | 2.3 | 2 days | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Choi (14) | South Korea | 2014 | 57 | ST (Lap) | Japanese red rockfish | SI | Jej | 2.7 | 3 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Rodríguez-Hermosa et al. (124) | Spain | 2009 | 58 | ST (Lap) | Unknown | SI | Jej | 2.0 | Unknown | ST | Deceased |
| Alkhatib et al. (53) | United States | 2013 | 67 | Double-balloon endoscopy | Cyprinus carpio | SI | Jej | 2.2 | 7 days | Double-balloon endoscopy | Recovered |
| Mora-Guzmán et al. (40) | Spain | 2019 | 74 | CT | Unknown | SI | Jej | Unknown | 4 weeks | Con Tx (Abs) | Recovered |
| Drakonaki et al. (50) | Greece | 2010 | 78 | Ultrasonography + surgical exploration | Unknown | SI | Jej | 3.5 | 3 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Dugas et al. (144) | France | 2005 | 81 | CT | Unknown | SI | Jej | Unknown | 2 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Chiu et al. (22) | China, Taiwan | 2014 | 83 | CT | Unknown | SI | Jej | 2.5 | 1 day | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Guillén-Paredes et al. (145) | Spain | 2010 | 35 | CT | Dicentrarchus labrax | SI | Ile | 4.0 | 1 week | ST | Recovered |
| Kuo (23) | China, Taiwan | 2012 | 44 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile | 2.6 | 1 day | Con Tx (Abs) | Recovered |
| Chandrasinghe et al. (146) | Sri Lanka | 2015 | 45 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Ile | 2.0 | 3 days | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Saunders et al. (28) | England | 2014 | 46 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Ile | Unknown | 3 days | ST (LS to Lap) | Recovered |
| Wu (147) | China | 2014 | 48 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile | 3.5 | 5 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Song et al. (47) | China | 2020 | 57 | ST (Lap) | Argyrosomus argentatus | SI | Ile | 1.7 | 3 days | ST (LS to Lap) | Recovered |
| Hsu et al. (29) | China, Taiwan | 2005 | 62 | ST (Lap) | Gray snapper | SI | Ile | 2.5 | 5 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Zhao et al. (148) | China | 2019 | 68 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile | Unknown | 1 month | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Mutlu et al. (149) | Turkey | 2012 | 69 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile | Unknown | 2 days | ST | Recovered |
| Hassani et al. (150) | Morocco | 2013 | 70 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile | Unknown | 2 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Fantola et al. (151) | France | 2011 | 75 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Ile | Unknown | Unknown | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Bhatia et al. (24) | England | 2006 | 85 | ST (Lap) | Rainbow trout | SI | Ile | 4.0 | 3 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Masuya et al. (58) | Japan | 2019 | 13 | Ultrasonography + CT | Sea bream | SI | Ile, MD | 2.0 | 4 days | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Wong et al. (30) | Brunei | 2005 | 21 | ST (Lap) | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | Unknown | 1 day | ST | Recovered |
| Daniele et al. (152) | Australia | 2015 | 42 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | Unknown | 1 day | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Wong et al. (30) | Brunei | 2005 | 49 | ST | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | Unknown | 3 days | ST | Recovered |
| Mouawad et al. (31) | United States | 2013 | 52 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | Unknown | Unknown | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Natsuki et al. (42) | Japan | 2020 | 54 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | 2.0 | 1 month | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Gonçalves et al. (60) | Portugal | 2016 | 61 | CT | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | 2.5 | 1 day | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| McDowell and Bush (32) | United States | 1982 | 72 | ST | Unknown | SI | Ile, MD | 3.0 | 2 days | ST | Recovered |
| Ward et al. (94) | United States | 2012 | 28 | CT | Northern pike | SI | Unknown | 2.0 | 1 day | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Wu and Chiu (139) | China, Taiwan | 2020 | 34 | CT | Unknown | SI | Unknown | 2.8 | 1 day | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Taguchi and Kitagawa (112) | Japan | 2019 | 73 | CT | Yellowtail fish | SI | Unknown | 5.0 | 2 month | Con Tx | Recovered |
| Lunsford et al. (49) | Tunisia | 2011 | 76 | ST (LS) | Unknown | SI | Unknown | 3.0 | 1 day | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Lim and Siew (95) | Singapore | 2011 | 81 | CT | Unknown | SI | Unknown | 5.0 | 2 month | Con Tx | Recovered |
| Zhou et al. (153) | China | 2023 | 41 | CT | Unknown | LI | App. | 3.0 | Unknown | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Kuwahara et al. (19) | Japan | 2019 | 55 | CT | Unknown | LI | Cec | 2.0 | Unknown | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Ishimura et al. (154) | Japan | 2006 | 79 | CT | Sea bream | LI | Cec | 3.0 | 2 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Yamamoto et al. (155) | Japan | 2015 | 69 | CT | Sebastes (fried) | LI | CO (AC) | 2.0 | 8 weeks | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Chiu et al. (156) | China, Taiwan | 2009 | 60 | CT | Unknown | LI | CO (TC) | 3.5 | 4 weeks | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Yuan et al. (141) | China | 2024 | 53 | Unknown | CT | LI | CO (TC) | 3.0 | 1 month | ST (LS) | Recovered |
| Ueda et al. (82) | Japan | 2024 | 87 | CT | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | 3.0 | 1 day | Colonoscopy | Recovered |
| Saleem et al. (157) | Kuwait | 2023 | 32 | ST (Lap) | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | Unknown | 10 days | ST (LS to Lap) | Recovered |
| Cho (158) | S. Korea | 2014 | 42 | CT | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | 3.5 | 1 week | ST (intraoperative cystoscopic removal) | Recovered |
| Watanabe et al. (108) | Japan | 2010 | 61 | CT | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | 3.0 | 6 days | Endoscopic extraction | Recovered |
| Endo et al. (159) | Japan | 2018 | 62 | CT | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | Unknown | Unknown | ST | Recovered |
| Hawkyard et al. (160) | England | 1931 | 62 | ST (Lap) | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | 5.1 | 3 days | ST (Lap) | Recovered |
| Fang et al. (109) | China | 2017 | 68 | CT | Unknown | LI | CO (SC) | 5.0 | 1 day | Colonoscopy | Recovered |
| Yamashita et al. (161) | Japan | 2022 | 64 | CT | Unknown | LI | Rectosigmoid | Unknown | Unknown | ST | Recovered |
CT, computed tomography; MD, Meckel’s diverticulum; Con Tx, conservative treatment; ST, surgical treatment; LS, laparoscopic surgery; Lap, laparotomy; Abs, antibiotics; SI, small intestine; Duo, duodenum; Jej, jejunum; Ile, ileum; LI, large intestine; Cec, cecum; CO, colon; TC, transverse colon; SC, sigmoid colon; App., appendix; AC, ascending colon.