Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 28.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Jun 24;238:473–495. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.06.040

Table 5.

Mitochondrial transplantation effect on wound healing and aging.

Author/Year Model/Disease Mitochondria source Transfer parameters Clinical & biological evidences Mitochondrial mechanisms modulation

Arroum 2024 [110] C57BL/6J mice
Aging and muscular function
Hind limbs
Mice
Allogenic
Dose: 109 mito
Administration: IM
Sites: 3
↑ maximal speed and distance ↑ ATP level
↑ COX activity
Plantaris: ↑parkin, TFAM, BNIP3, Drp1
Soleus: ↑parkin, DRP1, no effect TFAM BNIP3
Femoris: No effect
Arroum 2024 [111] Rat
Aging and muscular function
Femoris
Rat
Allogenic
Dose: 109 mito
Administration: IM
Sites: 3
No effect on speed and distance ↑ ATP level
↑ COX activity
Plantaris and soleus:
↑ fusion (OPA1),
↑ mitochondrial homeostasis (Parkin, TFAM)
Li 2024 [112] Kunming mice
Burn injury
Liver
Mice
Allogenic
Dose: 10 μg/g
Administration: SC
Site: not specified
↑ healing regeneration, ↓ scarring
↓ apoptosis
↓ inflammation (TNFα, IL1β, IL6)
↑ IL10
Not investigated
Raz 2024 [113] C57BL/6 mice
Corneal wound healing
Liver
Mice
Allogenic
Dose: 25 μL mito preparation (fresh or fractioned)
Administration: drop
Site: eyes
↑ re-epithelialization and better cyto-architecture
↓ cellular infiltration
Only the fresh ↓ wound area
↓ ATP level
Kshersagar 2023 [114] Wistar rat
Endometrium Injury
Placenta
Human
Xenogeneic
Dose: from 106 cells
Administration: injection
Site: intrauterine
↑ regeneration
↑ endometrial protein junction
↑ OXPHOS (activity CI, CII, CIII, CIV, CytB5, CytP450, NADPH-CytC red, NADH-CytC red)
Wu 2022 [115] RCS/Kyo rat
Retinal degeneration
Liver
Rat
Allogenic
Dose: 50–100 μg mito proteins
Administration: injection
Site: intra-retinal
Restore retinal layer thickness
↑ number of cells (only 100 μg)
Anti-degeneration activity
Not investigated
Wu 2020 [116] C57B/6 mice
Hair aging
Liver
Mice
Allogenic
Dose: 200 μg mito proteins
Administration: SC
Site: not specified
↑ hair length, number of hair follicles
No effect on derma thickness
↑ collagen
↑ ATP synthase
↑ mito quantity (mtDNA)

ATP: adenosine tri-phosphate, BNIP3: Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B-interacting protein 3, COX: cytochrome C oxidase, DRP1: dynamin-related protein 1, IL: interleukin, IM: intra-muscular, mito: mitochondria, OPA1: optic atrophy 1, SC: subcutaneous, TFAM: mitochondrial transcription factor A, TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α, ↑: increase/ improve, ↓: decrease.