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. 2025 Aug 27;25:2955. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24358-9

Table 6.

Model analysis results

Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Family functioning variables Family functioning variables, College student factors Family functioning variables, College student factors, Parental factors
B OR 95%CI B OR 95%CI B OR 95%CI
Fertility intention (Number)−0
Family factors
Family functioning
Low Functioning 1.066** 2.903 1.534 5.494 0.615 1.85 0.889 3.85 0.142 1.153 0.514 2.585
High Functioning (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.079
Factors of college students
Age 0.177 1.194 0.9 1.584 −0.01 0.99 0.715 1.372
Expected reproductive age 0.12* 1.128 1.019 1.248 0.166** 1.18 1.044 1.334
Gender
Male −1.069* 0.343 0.147 0.802 −1.155* 0.315 0.123 0.807
Female (Reference)
Household registration
Urban 0.126 1.134 0.557 2.308 −0.382 0.683 0.269 1.73
Rural (Reference)
Grade level
Freshman 2.145*** 8.538 2.969 24.551 2.336*** 10.345 3.197 33.47
Sophomore and above (Reference)
College student living expenses
< 1000¥ −0.915 0.401 0.086 1.862 −0.411 0.663 0.121 3.625
1000–2000 ¥ −0.795 0.451 0.16 1.273 −0.504 0.604 0.188 1.94
> 2000¥(Reference)
Reproductive sex preference
Male 2.642* 14.038 1.08 182.433 2.761* 15.809 1.08 231.447
Female 1.412 4.103 0.957 17.586 1.144 3.139 0.635 15.524
Both male and female −0.215 0.807 0.81 3.101 −0.539 0.583 0.137 2.492
No preference (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.469
Parental factors
Age 0.181*** 1.199 1.083 1.327
Expected reproductive age −0.148 0.863 0.724 1.028
Career
Farmer −0.682 0.506 0.148 1.733
Worker −0.266 0.767 0.22 2.676
Within the government system −0.75 0.472 0.115 1.947
Businessman or private industry −0.507 0.602 0.163 2.219
Service industry and others (Reference)
Level of education
Primary school and below −1.013 0.363 0.088 1.504
Junior high school −0.51 0.6 0.184 1.955
High school or technical school 0.038 1.039 0.335 3.222
Bachelor degree or above (Reference)
Marriage and childbearing view
Type of continuum −0.688 0.502 0.224 1.126
Type of fracture (Reference)
Reproductive sex preference
Male 1.529 4.616 0.892 23.874
Female 1.539 4.659 0.369 58.834
Both male and female 0.449 1.566 0.644 3.809
No preference (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.544
Fertility intentio (Number)−1
Family factors
Family functioning
Low Functioning 0.973** 2.645 1.51 4.633 0.798* 2.222 1.198 4.12 0.598 1.819 0.91 3.636
High Functioning (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.079
Factors of college students
Age 0.243* 1.275 1.049 1.549 0.151 1.163 0.929 1.458
Expected reproductive age 0.032 1.033 0.934 1.142 0.033 1.034 0.923 1.158
Gender
Male −0.48 0.619 0.327 1.171 −0.472 0.624 0.319 1.221
Female (Reference)
Household registration
Urban 0.063 1.066 0.586 1.937 −0.222 0.801 0.383 1.673
Rural (Reference)
Grade level
Freshman 0.778 2.178 0.983 4.826 0.52 1.683 0.715 3.961
Sophomore and above (Reference)
College student living expenses
< 1000¥ 0.016 1.016 0.205 5.044 0.051 1.052 0.185 5.99
1000–2000 ¥ 0.719 2.053 0.603 6.99 0.965 2.625 0.724 9.517
> 2000¥(Reference)
Reproductive sex preference
Male 2.66* 14.29 1.488 137.225 2.61* 13.593 1.284 143.943
Female 2.103** 8.19 2.354 28.493 2.057* 7.826 2.073 29.545
Both male and female 0.269 1.309 0.491 3.49 0.243 1.275 0.453 3.593
No preference (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.469
Parental factors
Age 0.087* 1.09 1.002 1.187
Expected reproductive age 0.012 1.012 0.874 1.171
Career
Farmer −1.019 0.361 0.129 1.007
Worker −1.2* 0.301 0.102 0.892
Within the government system 0.495 1.641 0.453 5.943
Businessman or private industry −0.898 0.407 0.132 1.257
Service industry and others (Reference)
Level of education
Primary school and below 1.022 2.779 0.832 9.283
Junior high school 0.526 1.692 0.559 5.124
High school or technical school 0.079 1.083 0.358 3.271
Bachelor degree or above (Reference)
Marriage and childbearing view
Type of continuum −0.552 0.576 0.298 1.112
Type of fracture (Reference)
Reproductive sex preference
Male 1.058 2.881 0.641 12.944
Female 1.657 5.244 0.468 58.765
Both male and female −0.118 0.889 0.414 1.909
No preference (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.544
Fertility intentio (Number)−2or more
Family factors
Family functioning
Low Functioning 1.264*** 3.539 2.282 5.488 1.125*** 3.08 1.773 5.352 0.944** 2.569 1.395 4.73
High Functioning (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.079
Factors of college students
Age 0.169 1.184 0.995 1.41 0.075 1.078 0.885 1.313
Expected reproductive age −0.088 0.916 0.828 1.013 −0.09 0.914 0.817 1.023
Gender
Male 0.082 1.085 0.636 1.854 0.122 1.129 0.64 1.994
Female (Reference)
Household registration
Urban < 0.001 1 0.586 1.705 −0.218 0.804 0.412 1.572
Rural (Reference)
Grade level
Freshman 0.905* 2.471 1.235 4.942 0.599 1.82 0.864 3.838
Sophomore and above (Reference)
College student living expenses
< 1000¥
1000–2000 ¥ 0.959 2.61 0.664 10.253 0.958 2.605 0.608 11.17
> 2000¥(Reference) 0.914 2.494 0.773 8.043 0.921 2.513 0.732 8.624
Reproductive sex preference
Male 1.502 4.489 0.377 53.423 1.555 4.735 0.353 63.581
Female 1.924** 6.852 2.004 23.426 1.907** 6.73 1.875 24.161
Both male and female 2.629*** 13.855 7.245 26.498 2.558*** 12.915 6.389 26.109
No preference (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.469
Parental factors
Age 0.065 1.067 0.99 1.15
Expected reproductive age 0.072 1.074 0.938 1.23
Career
Farmer −1.254** 0.285 0.115 0.71
Worker −1.562** 0.21 0.081 0.545
Within the government system −0.514 0.598 0.19 1.882
Businessman or private industry −1.436** 0.238 0.086 0.655
Service industry and others (Reference)
Level of education
Primary school and below 0.041 1.042 0.364 2.98
Junior high school −0.185 0.831 0.321 2.156
High school or technical school −0.212 0.809 0.308 2.123
Bachelor degree or above (Reference)
Marriage and childbearing view
Type of continuum −0.16 0.852 0.48 1.512
Type of fracture (Reference)
Reproductive sex preference
Male 0.572 1.773 0.433 7.254
Female 1.284 3.61 0.32 40.675
Both male and female 0.411 1.508 0.789 2.885
No preference (Reference)
N 484
R 2 0.544

(*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)