Table 3.

Data extraction

Item	Item definition
Complete reference	Title, Journal name, year of publication
Paper focus	The paper's focus: methodology or clinical questions
The clinical focus	The medical condition of the paper, e.g., HIV, cancer
Causal question	Whether the research question is causal or associational
Statistical adjustment methods used	The methods used to adjust for confounding, e.g., IPTW
The extent of missingness described	Amount of missing data reported either in text or in a table/figure
Missing data mechanism	Missing data assumptions explored and reported
Handling of missing data	Strategies employed to address missing data and their justifications
Sensitivity analysis	Whether sensitivity analyses were done to assess the robustness of missing data assumptions. If yes, which methods were used