Table 2.
Cox regression evaluation of factors associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure
| Variable | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value | |
| Age (years) | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 0.03 | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.01 |
| Gender (male/female) | 2.13 (0.98–4.63) | 0.06 | ||
| Ascites (no/yes) | 6.21 (1.48–26.03) | 0.01 | ||
| HE (no/yes) | 4.61 (2.27–9.38) | <0.001 | ||
| Higher than ULN of CRP (yes/no) | 2.91 (1.41–6.01) | 0.004 | ||
| Neutrophils percentage (%) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 0.002 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | <0.001 | ||
| International normalized ratio | 3.98 (2.59–6.09) | <0.001 | ||
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.04 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.01 | ||
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.03 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | <0.001 | ||
| C3 (g/L) | 0.08 (0.02–0.32) | <0.001 | 0.16 (0.01–0.98) | 0.047 |
| C4 (g/L) | 0.01 (0.00–0.89) | <0.001 | ||
| IgG (g/L) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 0.006 | ||
| CTP score | 2.27 (1.79–2.88) | <0.001 | ||
| MELD | 1.18 (1.12–1.23) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.03 |
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; C3, complement component 3; C4, complement component 4; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTP, Child–Turcotte–Pugh score; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; MELD, Model of End-Stage Liver Disease; ULN, upper limit of normal.