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. 2025 Aug 4;14(8):958. doi: 10.3390/antiox14080958
Aβ Amyloid β
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ATG9 Autophagy-related protein 9
ATG13 Autophagy-related protein 13
ATG14 Autophagy-related protein 14
ATG101 Autophagy-related protein 101
ATM Serine protein kinase ATM
BCL2 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2
CAMK2 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II
cGMP Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CHK2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
FIP200
FOXO
FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa
Forkhead box proteins
FXYD FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator
GPR35 G-protein coupled receptor 35
GSH Glutathione
GSSG Glutathione disulfide
H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide
HIF-1α
JNK
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
c-Jun N-terminal kinase
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
NAD Reactive oxygen species
NADP Reactive nitrogen species
NCCD Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death
NEFA Non-esterified fatty acids
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NOS Nitric oxide synthase
NOX NADPH oxidase
NRBF2 Nuclear receptor-binding factor 2
O2•— Superoxide anion
ONOO— Peroxynitrite
PI3K Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PI3P Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
PI3R4 Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4
PK3C3 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3
PSMD14 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14
RAS Rat sarcoma virus small GTPase
RB1CC1 RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1
RET Reverse electron transport
RNS Reactive nitrogen species
ROS Reactive oxygen species
RPN11 26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN11
SiRNA Small interfering RNA
SRC
TFEB
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Transcription factor EB
TRPM2 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2
ULK1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1
UV Ultraviolet
VPS15 Vacuolar protein sorting 15
VPS34 Vacuolar protein sorting 34
WIPI WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting
•OH Hydroxyl radical
•NO Nitric oxide