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. 2025 Aug 15;13(8):1992. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13081992
AI Aromatase inhibitor
AKT Protein kinase B
AP-1 Activator protein 1
AR Androgen receptor
cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase
CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
ER Estrogen receptor
ERE Estrogen response element
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GC Glucocorticoid
GPER G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor
GR Glucocorticoid receptor
GRE Glucocorticoid response element
ICI Immune checkpoint inhibitor
IGF1R Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LKB1 Liver Kinase B1
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NK Natural killer
NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer
PD-1 Programmed death receptor 1
PD-L1 Programmed death ligand 1
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKA Protein kinase A
PR Progesterone receptor
Rb Retinoblastoma protein
SCLC Small cell lung cancer