| AI | Aromatase inhibitor |
| AKT | Protein kinase B |
| AP-1 | Activator protein 1 |
| AR | Androgen receptor |
| cAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CDK | Cyclin-dependent kinase |
| CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ER | Estrogen receptor |
| ERE | Estrogen response element |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| GC | Glucocorticoid |
| GPER | G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor |
| GR | Glucocorticoid receptor |
| GRE | Glucocorticoid response element |
| ICI | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
| IGF1R | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| LKB1 | Liver Kinase B1 |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| NK | Natural killer |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| PD-1 | Programmed death receptor 1 |
| PD-L1 | Programmed death ligand 1 |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| PR | Progesterone receptor |
| Rb | Retinoblastoma protein |
| SCLC | Small cell lung cancer |