| B12 | vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) |
| CAZymes | carbohydrate-active enzymes |
| GIT | gastrointestinal tract |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SCFA | short-chain fatty acid |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |
| B12 | vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) |
| CAZymes | carbohydrate-active enzymes |
| GIT | gastrointestinal tract |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SCFA | short-chain fatty acid |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |