| mNGS | Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing |
| AMR | Antimicrobial Resistance |
| WGS | Whole Genome Sequencing |
| cfDNA | Cell-Free DNA |
| ICU | Intensive Care Unit |
| CAP | Community-Acquired Pneumonia |
| EHRs | Electronic Health Records |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| BALF | Bronchoalveolar Lavage fluid |
| RCT | Randomized Controlled Trial |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| ESCMID | European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
| GLASS | Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System |
| SNP | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| IDSA | Infectious Diseases Society of America |
| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
| NGS | Next-Generation Sequencing |
| HAP | Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia |
| EU | European Union |