FDA	Food and Drug Administration	%FEV1	% predicted FEV1
EU	European Union	CAT	COPD Assessment Test
WHO	World Health Organization	COPD	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
FCTC	Framework Convention on Tobacco Control	6MWD	6 min walking distance
HTP	Heated tobacco products	BoE	biomarkers of exposure
IQOS	I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking	BoBEs	biomarkers of biological effect
THS	The Tobacco Heating System	DNAm	DNA methylation
PD	probing depth	LRRN3	DNAm biomarker genes
CAL	clinical attachment loss	GPR15	DNAm biomarker genes
HnB	heat-not-burn	WID	Whiteness Index for Dentistry
MDA	malondialdehyde	FR	fertilization rate
4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal	HbA1c	hemoglobin A1c
SFR	Salivary flow rate	CT	Computed tomography
Lys	lysozyme secretion indicators	OSCC	oral squamous cell carcinoma
Lac	lactoferrin secretion indicators	CSE	cigarette-smoke-extract
CS	cigarette smokers	p38	protein
ICSI	Intracytoplasmic sperm injection	Ca2+	calcium ions
AMH	anti-Müllerian hormone	3R4F	reference cigarette smoke
SGA	small for gestational age	BEAS-2B	human bronchial epithelial cells
IL-8	interleukin (IL)-8	DSBs	double-strand breaks
IL-6	Interleukin (IL)-6	ATR-CHK1	ataxia telangiectasia, and Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)
IL-2	interleukin (IL)-2	MDC1	Mediators of the DNA damage checkpoint 1
WBC	white blood cells	DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
EVs	extracellular vesicles	NQO1	target genes
HNBC	Heat-Not-Burn cigarette	HMOX1	target genes
TCC	traditional combustion cigarette	VCAM1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
Nox2-dp	Nox2-derived peptide	CSCs	human atrial cardiac stromal cells
ROS	reactive oxygen species	CpG	CpG (cytosine-guanine) dinucleotide in DNA
sCD40L	soluble CD40 ligand	RC	reference cigarette
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide	mRNA	messenger RNA
NO	nitric oxide	CYP1A1	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily Member 1
FMD	flow-mediated dilation	hPDL	human periodontal ligament cells
PLT	platelets	eCV	electronic cigarette vapor
HDL-C	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	S and G2/M	S and G2/M cell cycle phases
NTV	novel tobacco vapor	p53, Bcl2, p21	genes
BoPH	biomarkers of potential harm	MRC5	human lung fibroblast cells
CC	conventional cigarette	HMC3	human microglial cells
NNAL	4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol	HSC-3	human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
2,3-d-TXB2	2,3-dinor thromboxane B2	A549	human lung adenocarcinoma cells
NS	never-smokers	P450	cytochrome P450
CO	carbon monoxide	γH2AX	phosphorylated H2AX
CFR	coronary flow reserve	HOK	human oral keratinocytes
TAC	total arterial compliance	H2AX	histone H2A variant
GLS	global longitudinal strain	IL1ꞵ	Interleukin (IL)-1ꞵ
GWW	wasted myocardial work	IL4	Interleukin (IL)-4
TxB2	thromboxane B2	IL-13	Interleukin (IL)-13
AEP	acute eosinophilic pneumonia	PBMC	peripheral blood mononuclear cells
FEV 1	forced expiratory volume in 1 s	J-ECOH	the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health
hs-CRP	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein	IL-16	Interleukin (IL)-16
NOS	the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale	HGF	cytokines
RCTs	Randomized controlled trials	Gro-α, MCP-1, SCF, MIG, IP-10	chemokines
NNK	biomarkers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	G-CSF	granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
PR	the prevalence ratio	TRAIL	protein TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, cytokine
IFNγ	interferon gamma	SFR	the salivary flow rate
GO	Gene ontology	OR	odds ratio
sICAM-1	soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1	χ2	Chi-square test
HR	hazard ratio	NNN	N-nitrosonornicotine
sNox2-p	Serum levels of Nox2-derived peptide