Cluster analysis of E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora subspecies together with suggested species and subspecies clusters (clusters 1 to 4). ¥ indicates a previously uncharacterized strain. The dendrogram is derived from the UPGMA linkage of correlation coefficients between AFLP profiles. The levels of linkage representing the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) are expressed as percentages for convenience. The banding profiles against each branch represent normalized and background-subtracted digitized gel strips processed in GelCompar. The arrow indicates E. carotovora-specific AFLP bands. Ech, E. chrysanthemi; Ecc, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora; Eco, E. carotovora subsp. odorifera; Eca, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica; Ecb, E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum; Ecw, E. carotovora subsp. wasabiae.