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. 2025 Aug 17;13(8):266. doi: 10.3390/diseases13080266
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
HAD-A Hospital Anxiety and Depression—Anxiety Subscale
HAD-D Hospital Anxiety and Depression—Depression Subscale
FEV1 Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second
FVC Forced Vital Capacity
FEF25–75% Forced Expiratory Flow at 25–75 of the Vital Capacity
BMI Body Mass Index
mMRC Dyspnea Scale Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale
CAT COPD Assessment Test