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. 2025 Jul 31;12(8):294. doi: 10.3390/jcdd12080294
HR heart rate
HCN hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
AF atrial fibrillation
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase
mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin
VCAM-1 cytokine vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1
NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
ROS reactive oxygen species
LV left ventricle
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
NYHA New York Heart Association
LCOS low cardiac output syndrome
POAF postoperative atrial fibrillation
ICU intensive care unit
PNS peripheral nervous system
CNS central nervous system
DRG dorsal root ganglion