aHR	adjusted Hazard Ratio
APRIL	A proliferation-inducing ligand
AUC	Area Under the Curve
BAFF	B-cell activating factor
CAL	chronic active lesions
CIS	clinical isolated syndrome
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CXCL	chemokine ligand
DMTs	disease-modifying therapies
EDSS	Expanded Disability Status Scale
EIT	early intensive therapy
ESC	escalation strategy
Gd	gadolinium
mGCIPL	macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers
GM	grey matter
HAMP	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide
HMOX1	heme oxygenase 1
HE DMTs	high-efficacy DMTs
IL	interleukin
KFLC	kappa free light chain
MAGNIMS	magnetic resonance imaging in MS
MMP-2	matrix metalloproteinase-2
ME DMTs	moderate-efficacy DMTs
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
mRNA	messenger RNA
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
NEDA	no evidence of disease activity
NfL	neurofilament light chains
OCBs	oligoclonal bands
OND	optic nerve diameter
PRL	paramagnetic rim lesions
pRNFL	peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer
PIRA	progression independent of relapse activity
PPMS	primary progressive multiple sclerosis
RAW	relapse-related worsening
RRMS	relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
SPMS	secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
SC	spinal cord
SELs	slowly expanding lesions
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TWEAK	TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis
TSPO	18-kDa translocator protein
WM	white matter