FA	Folic acid
GDM	Gestational diabetes mellitus
B12	Vitamin B12
UMFA	Unmetabolized folic acid
DHFR	Dihydrofolate reductase
THF	Tetrahydrofolate
MTHFR	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
MTR	Methionine synthase
MTRR	Methionine synthase reductase
SAM	S-adenosylmethionine
SAH	S-adenosylhomocysteine
Hcy	Homocysteine
CBS	Cystathionine β-synthase
CSE	Cystathionine γ-lyase
MAT	Methionine adenosyltransferase
MT	Methyltransferase
TYMS	Thymidylate synthase
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance test
aOR	Adjusted odds ratio
ARR	Adjusted risk ratio
OR	Odds ratio
CI	Confidence interval
BMI	Body mass index
NOS	Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
ROR	Relative odds ratio
PBG	Plasma blood glucose
MV	Multivitamin
wk.	Week
D	Day
5-methyl-THF	5-methyltetrahydrofolate
IR	Insulin receptor
C-Hcy	Cysteine-homocysteinylation
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
SNP	Single nucleotide polymorphism