ALR2	Aldose reductase
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
HFD	High-fat diet
STZ	Streptozotocin
LD50	Median lethal dose
DM	Diabetes mellitus
IDF	International Diabetes Federation
PGZ	Pioglitazone
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
MW	Molecular weight
cLogP	Octanol/water partition coefficient calculated
nON	Number of hydrogen bond donors
nOHNH	Number of hydrogen bond acceptors
Nrot	Number of rotal link donors
TPSA	Topological polar surface area
LogS	Logarithm of the aqueous solubility
MR	Molar refractivity
Zop	Zopolrestat
Epa	Epalrestat
Caco-2	Permeability through cells derived from human colon adenocarcinoma
MDCK	Through Madin–Darby canine kidney cells
NADP+/NADPH	Oxidized/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
OATP1B1	Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1
BSEP	Bile salt export pump
BCRP	Breast cancer resistance
CYP450	Cytochrome P-450
%ABS	Oral absorption percentage
HIA	Human intestinal absorption
GHS	Globally Harmonized System
ABP	Anion-binding pockets
ΔG	Gibbs free energy
Ki	Inhibition constant
#IT	Number of total interactions
# I-ABP	Number of interactions with anion-binding pocket residues
LBD	Ligand-binding domain
TBAH	Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
FRAP	Ferric reducing antioxidant power
AOT	Acute oral toxicity
OECD	Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
SEM	Standard error of the mean
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
T-chol	Total cholesterol
TG	Triglyceride
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
GGT	Gamma-glutamyltransferase
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
CK	Creatine kinase
TAC	Total antioxidant capacity
IL-6	Interleukin-6
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
R2	Coefficient of determination
MMFF94	Merck molecular force field
TLC	Thin-layer chromatography
5-ASA	5-aminosalicylic acid
ANOVA	A two-way analysis of variance
PAINS	Pan-assay interference compounds
AUC	Area under the curve
TP	Total protein
ALB	Albumin
GLO	Globulin
TBIL	Total bilirubin
TBA	Total bile acids
AMY	Amylase
CRE	Creatinine
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance test
Mp	Melting point
tr	Retention time