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. 2025 Aug 6;17(8):1022. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17081022
ACP Acid-activatable curcumin polymer
AgNPs Silver nanoparticles
ALP Alkaline Phosphatase
ALT Alanine Aminotransferase
AST Aspartate Aminotransferase
AuNP Gold nanoparticle
AuNP-PAH-CUR AuNP with poly(allylamine hydrochloride)
BDMC Bisdemethoxycurcumin
CFA Complete Freund’s Adjuvant
CIA Collagen-induced arthritis
CMCAB Carboxymethycellulose acetate butyrate
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
CUR Curcumin
DAS-28 Disease Activity Score of 28 joints
DiMC Dimethyl curcumin
FoxP3 Forkhead Box P3
GA/CUR Glycyrrhizic acid nanocomplex with curcumin
HA Hyaluronic acid
H&E Hematoxylin and Eosin
HDL High-Density Lipoprotein
IL-10 Interleukin 10
IL-1 β Interleukin 1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin 6
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LDL Low-Density Lipoprotein
Lipo-DiMC Liposome encapsulating dimethyl curcumin
MIA Monoidoacetic acid or mono-iodoacetate
Micro-CT Micro-computed tomography
MMD Medial meniscus destabilization
MSU Monosodium urate
Nano–CUR Curcumin nanocarrier
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NLCs Nanostructured lipid carriers
NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OARSI Osteoarthritis Research Society International
OA Osteoarthritis
PAH Polyallylamine hydrochloride
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PCC Population, Concept, and Context
PDI Polydispersity index
PLGA Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
RA Rheumatoid arthritis
RCT Randomized controlled trial
RoB 2 Risk of Bias 2
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SJC Swollen Joint Count
SLNs Solid lipid nanoparticles
TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor Beta
TJT Tender Joint Count
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
TPGS D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
WHO World Health Organization