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. 2025 Jul 24;18(8):1100. doi: 10.3390/ph18081100
BCP β-caryophyllene
CB2 Cannabinoid receptor type 2
TRP Transient receptor potential
NF-κB Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta
TNF-α Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha
ACC Anterior cingulate cortex
BNST Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Nav Voltage-gated sodium channel
Cav Voltage-gated calcium channel
Kv Voltage-gated potassium channel
TRPV1 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
THC Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
CBD Cannabidiol
CB1 Cannabinoid receptor type 1
RCTs Randomized controlled trials
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
PKC Protein Kinase C
TRPA1 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1
GABAA Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A receptor
IκBα Inhibitor of kappa B alpha
IL-6 Interleukin-6
CD11b Cluster of differentiation molecule 11B
Iba-1 Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
MAGL Monoacylglycerol lipase
2-AG 2-Arachidonoylglycerol
A2A Adenosine A2A receptor
PPAR-γ Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma
PGC-1α Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
KOR κ-opioid receptor
MOR μ-opioid receptor
NMDA N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor
TLR-4 Toll-like receptor-4
CCl4- Carbon tetrachloride
SEDDS Self-emulsifying drug delivery system
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
TGF-β1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1
GAP-43 Growth-Associated Protein 43
NGF Nerve Growth Factor
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
MK-801 Dizocilpine maleate
NO–cGMP Nitric Oxide–cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate pathway
GRAS Generally Recognized As Safe
FDA Food and Drug Administration