| DDoS | Distributed Denial-of-Service |
| BERT | Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers |
| RNN | Recurrent Neural Network |
| CRF | Conditional Random Field |
| BiGRU | Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit |
| BiLSTM | Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory |
| ChatGPT | Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer |
| NAD | Non-autoregressive Decoder |
| APT | Advanced Persistent Threats |
| NER | Named Entity Recognition |
| RE | Relation Extraction |
| NLP | Natural Language Processing |
| MLP | Multilayer Perceptron |