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. 2025 Aug 20;13(8):698. doi: 10.3390/toxics13080698
8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
8-oxoG 8-oxoguanine
BaP benzo[a]pyrene
CAT catalase
CDNB 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
CHP cumene hydroperoxide
DCF-DA 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
DCHBS 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid
DHE dihydroethidium
DNP 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
DNPH 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
DTNB 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
GONPs graphene oxide nanoparticles
GPx glutathione peroxidase
GPx-I selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase
GPx-II selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase
GR glutathione reductase
GSH glutathione
GSSG glutathione disulfide
GST glutathione S-transferase
HRP horseradish peroxidase enzyme
INT p-iodonitrotetrazolium
LHP lipid hydroperoxide
LPO lipid peroxidation
MDA malondialdehyde
MTLPs metallothionein-like proteins
NBT nitroblue tetrazolium
NBT+ formazan
OGG1 8-oxoguanine glycosylase
OPT o-phthalaldehyde
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PC protein carbonyls
PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
PQ paraquat
PT protein thiols
RNS reactive nitrogen species
ROS reactive oxygen species
RS reactive species
SOD superoxide dismutase
SSA sulfosalicylic acid
TBARS thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TCA trichloroacetic acid
Tsh total thiols
WST tetrazolium salt
α-toc alpha-tocopherol