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. 2025 Aug 20;12(8):777. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12080777
RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme system
ANG Angiotensinogen
AKT Protein kinase B
APA Aminopeptidase A
ATR Angiotensin receptor
ADH Antidiuretic hormone
MASR MAS receptor
ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase
PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase
NO Nitric oxide
COX-2 cyclo-oxygenase-2
FOXO1 forkhead box O1
ROS reactive oxygen species
VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell
MrgD Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D
HDAC histone deacetylase
sGC soluble guanylate cyclase
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinases
SHP-1 src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1
NICD intracellular Notch domain
AAA aorto-abdominal
TAA thoracic aneurysm
iNOS inducible oxide nitric sinthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase
eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase