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. 2025 Aug 16;17(8):415. doi: 10.3390/toxins17080415
A Absorbance
A0 Absorbance of the zero standard
ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
AFB1 Aflatoxin B1
AU Absorbance units
Boc tert-Butyloxycarbonyl
BSA Bovine serum albumin
bTGB Bovine thyroglobulin
Chlorpyrifos O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate
DCM Dichloromethane
DIC N,N′-Diisopropylcarbodiimide
DMF N,N-Dimethylformamide
DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
DON Deoxynivalenol
EDC 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ESI-MS Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Fmoc 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl
Fmoc-SPPS 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-based solid-phase peptide synthesis
FUM-B1 Fumonisin B1
GGGK Glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-lysine
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
HPLC-FLD High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
ID Internal diameter
LC-MS Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
LoD Limit of detection
MCPA Methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid
MRL Maximum residue level
MW Molecular weight
m/z Mass-to-charge ratio
OPP Ortho-phenyl-phenol
OTA Ochratoxin A
OTA-GGGK Ochratoxin A-glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-lysine
OTB Ochratoxin B
OTC Ochratoxin C
OVA Ovalbumin
Oxyma Ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino) acetate
PB Phosphate buffer, 0.01 M, pH 7.4
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline (phosphate buffer, 0.01 M, pH 7.4, with 0.9% (w/v) NaCl)
PBS-T PBS containing 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20
PDA Photodiode array
PMMA Oxygen plasma micro-nanostructured poly (methyl methacrylate)
RP-HPLC Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
Rt Retention time
RT Room temperature
sdAb Single-domain antibody
SPPS Solid phase peptide synthesis
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
TIS Tri-isopropylsilane
TMB 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
Triclopyr [(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid
UV-vis Ultraviolet–visible