Table 5.
ALE for tolerance to physical perturbation.
| Strain | Conditions | Span | Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MG1655 | M9 glucose minimal media at 42 °C | 20 days | Relative fitness increased at 42 °C | [12] |
| MG1655 zba::kan | LB media, gradually increase the culture temperature | 620 generations (∼2 years) | A maximum growth temperature of 48.5 °C | [75] |
| REL606 (unable to use arabinose) | Davis minimal medium with 25 g/mL glucose at 41.5 °C | 2000 generations | Following acclimation at 41.5 °C, 2/3 lines exhibited improved survvival at 50 °C | [76] |
| MG1655 | Evolugator culture chamber containing LB. Temperature was increased from 44 °C to 49.7 °C | 2 months | A thermophilic descendant from MG1655 | [77] |
| 606P and 607P (REL606 and REL607 pre-evolved at 37 °C for a month) | M9 minimal media, under different fluctuating temperature regimes between 15 and 43 °C (slow/fast periodic, random), BioSan LV Personal Bioreactor RTS1-C | ∼600 generations | The evolution of specialists was favored in the random regime, while generalists were favored in the periodic regimes; Phenotypic restoration at 37 °C; Increased growth rates at both 15 °C and 43 °C for generalists | [79] |
| MG1655 | LB supplemented with glucose (11 mM) and HEPES buffer (100 mM, pH 7.5), pressure gradually increased from 41 MPa to 62 MPa. | 505 generations | The ability to grow at 62 MPa; Extended lag phase at 60 MPa (20 h) | [80] |
| MG1655 (pre-evolved on glucose minimal medium) | M9 glucose minimal medium (0.2 mM MgSO4, 150 mM MES buffer). pH: 5.5. Automated system | 800 generations | Increased fitness at pH 5.5 (growth rate of 0.83 h−1 compared to 0.67) | [78] |