Table 1.
Characteristics of the analytical sample (n = 3840), and by BMI category.
| Characteristics | Overall | BMI categories |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25.0 kg/m2 | 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | ≥30.0 kg/m2 | ||
| Sample size, n (%) | 3840 (100) | 1090 (28.4) | 1412 (36.8) | 1338 (34.8) |
| Follow-up time in years, mean (SD) | 4.1 (0.8) | 4.0 (0.9) | 4.2 (0.7) | 4.2 (0.7) |
| Sociodemography | ||||
| Baseline age in years, mean (SD) | 69.9 (9.6) | 72.6 (10.3) | 70.4 (9.6) | 67.3 (8.3) |
| Females, n (%) | 2234 (58.2) | 703 (64.5) | 722 (51.1) | 809 (60.5) |
| Education (High school grad and below), n (%) | 1879 (48.9) | 495 (45.4) | 697 (49.4) | 687 (51.3) |
| Smoking status in 2016, n (%) | ||||
| Never smokers | 1687 (43.9) | 460 (42.2) | 634 (44.9) | 593 (44.3) |
| Ever smokers | 1710 (44.5) | 473 (43.4) | 616 (43.6) | 621 (46.4) |
| Current smokers | 443 (11.5) | 157 (14.4) | 162 (11.5) | 124 (9.3) |
| Ethnicity/race, n (%) | ||||
| White/Caucasian | 2891 (75.3) | 892 (81.8) | 1072 (75.9) | 927 (69.3) |
| Black/African American | 647 (16.8) | 132 (12.1) | 211 (14.9) | 304 (22.7) |
| Other | 302 (7.9) | 66 (6.1) | 129 (9.1) | 107 (8.0) |
| Unhealthy alcohol use in 2016, n (%) | 247 (6.4) | 64 (5.9) | 102 (7.2) | 81 (6.1) |
| Age in 2014 in years, mean (SD) | 67.8 (9.7) | 70.3 (10.3) | 68.3 (9.6) | 65.1 (8.4) |
| Smoking status in 2014, n (%) | ||||
| Never smokers | 1650 (43.8) | 451 (41.8) | 619 (44.9) | 580 (44.2) |
| Ever smokers | 1645 (43.6) | 455 (42.2) | 590 (42.8) | 600 (45.7) |
| Current smokers | 476 (12.6) | 173 (16.0) | 171 (12.4) | 132 (10.1) |
| Metabolic measures | ||||
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.7 (6.1) | 22.4 (2.1) | 27.3 (1.4) | 35.3 (5.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2440 (63.6) | 558 (51.2) | 879 (62.3) | 1003 (75.0) |
| Hyperglycemia, n (%) | 1752 (45.6) | 327 (30.0) | 642 (45.5) | 783 (58.5) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) | 1146 (29.9) | 188 (17.3) | 439 (31.1) | 519 (38.8) |
| Low HDL, n (%) | 1010 (26.3) | 154 (14.1) | 382 (27.1) | 474 (35.4) |
| N of metabolic deficiencies, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | 2.1 (1.1) |
| Metabolically unhealthy, n (%) | 3177 (82.7) | 751 (68.9) | 1191 (84.3) | 1235 (92.3) |
| Metabolically unhealthy—less strict, N (%) | 1973 (51.4) | 344 (31.6) | 727 (51.5) | 902 (67.4) |
| BMI in 2014 in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.9 (6.23) | 23.0 (2.7) | 27.5 (2.4) | 35.1 (5.5) |
| Metabolically unhealthy in 2014, n (%) | 3060 (81.1) | 776 (71.9) | 1115 (80.8) | 1169 (89.1) |
| Epigentic age acceleration | ||||
| Horvath age acceleration-I, mean (SD) | 0.0 (6.5) | −0.1 (6.5) | −0.2 (6.4) | 0.3 (6.5) |
| Horvath age acceleration-II, mean (SD) | 0.0 (4.4) | −0.3 (4.5) | −0.1 (4.5) | 0.3 (4.3) |
| Hannum age acceleration, mean (SD) | 0.0 (5.3) | −0.2 (5.5) | −0.2 (5.2) | 0.3 (5.2) |
| PhenoAge acceleration, mean (SD) | 0.0 (6.9) | −0.3 (7.2) | −0.4 (6.8) | 0.7 (6.6) |
| GrimAge acceleration, mean (SD) | 0.0 (4.8) | −0.2 (5.2) | −0.1 (4.9) | 0.3 (4.3) |
| DunedinPACE, mean (SD) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) |
| Comorbididities | ||||
| History of cancer diagnosis, n (%) | 643 (16.8) | 198 (18.2) | 244 (17.3) | 201 (15.0) |
| History of lung disease diagnosis, n (%) | 483 (12.6) | 152 (13.9) | 144 (10.2) | 187 (14.0) |
| History of cardiovascular disease diagnosis, n (%) | 1084 (28.3) | 312 (28.6) | 360 (25.5) | 412 (30.9) |
| Vital Status in 2020 | ||||
| Deceased, n (%) | 176 (16.1) | 133 (9.4) | 114 (8.5) | |
Participants were categorised BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, and ≥30.0 kg/m2.
BMI—body mass index, HDL—high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, kg/m2—kilograms per square metre, n—number, SD—standard deviation.